Chapter 3

Question 1

what do all cells have?

Answer 1

Cell membranes

Question 2

In eukaryotic cells, what is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 2

Ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins

Question 3

what did Louis Pasteur do in regards to Spontaneous generation?

Answer 3

He disproved it using an elegant series of experiments

Question 4

Prokaryotic ribosomes are __s and Eukaryotic ribosomes are __s

Answer 4

70, 80

Question 5

T/F - Thylakoids are types of inclusions in bacterial cells

Answer 5

False

Question 6

a cell membrane with lipopolysaccharide molecules belongs to…

Answer 6

Gram-negative bacteria

Question 7

Capsules and slime layers are examples of which type of structure?

Answer 7

Glycocalyces

Question 8

Which scientist thought spontaneous generation had occurred in flasks of broth after the broth had been boiled?

Answer 8

John Needham

Question 9

What is another name for a curved rod?

Answer 9

Vibrio

Question 10

What is Koch’s postulates?

Answer 10

a series of steps for determining the causative agent of a particular disease

Question 11

Define spontaneous generation

Answer 11

The idea that life could appear from nonliving material

Question 12

Where is the bacterial chromosome located?

Answer 12

The nucleoid region

Question 13

Name a difference between endospores and vegetative cells

Answer 13

Vegetative cells are more resilient due to their metabolic activities, whereas endospores are more sensitive to change

Question 14

Which physician realized that doctors were causing maternal deaths by failing to wash their hands while assisting during childbirth?

Answer 14

Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 15

Prokaryotes are classified into which domain?

Answer 15

Achaea & Bacteria

Question 16

Is mitochondria part of the endomembrane system?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

What are the stages of sporulation?

Answer 17

1. DNA replication
2. Formation of a double layer of membrane
3. Cortex formation
4. Spore release

Question 18

Bacteria use flagella to move purposefully toward or away from a chemical by ….

Answer 18

increasing the length of runs & decreasing the length of tumbles

Question 19

Sporulation generally occurs under what circumstance?

Answer 19

when conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients

Question 20

How did joseph Lister dramatically improve surgical outcomes?

Answer 20

by using phenol as an antiseptic and disinfectant during surgery

Question 21

Which physician identified contaminated water as the cause of cholera transmission in London?

Answer 21

John Snow

Question 22

Name four characteristics that all cells have?

Answer 22

1. Cell Membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Genetic Material
4. Ribosomes

Question 23

What cells are diploid cells?

Answer 23

Eukaryotic cells

Question 24

What cells are haploid?

Answer 24

Prokaryotic cells

Question 25

What cells divide by binary fisson?

Answer 25

Prokayot

Question 26

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 26

protein synthesis

Question 27

what is the process of making protein called?

Answer 27

Translation

Question 28

What is the pilus useful for?

Answer 28

Attachment & exchange of genetic information

Question 29

Define tonicity

Answer 29

The ability to absorb water

Question 30

How is cell shape maintained?

Answer 30

Osmosis & diffusion

Question 31

Define Isotonic

Answer 31

equal concentration, water moves freely

Question 32

Define hypertonic

Answer 32

Higher concentration within environment, cell loses water

Question 33

Define hypotonic

Answer 33

Higher concentration within cell, environment loses water

Question 34

What are plasmids?

Answer 34

extra chromosomal DNA - replicate independently

Question 35

The larger portion of a ribosome within a prokaryotic cell is __s

Answer 35

50

Question 36

The entire ribosome of a prokaryotic cell is __s

Answer 36

70

Question 37

The larger portion of the ribosome of a eukaryotic cell is __s, while the smaller portion is __s

Answer 37

60,40

Question 38

collectively the ribosome of a eukaryotic cell is __s

Answer 38

80s

Question 39

What is PTG made of?

Answer 39

NAG & NAM

Question 40

The cell wall of a gram-positive bacteria is embedded with...

Answer 40

Teichoic acid

Question 41

T/F - Gram- positive and gram-negative cells both have outer membrane

Answer 41

False, only gram-negatives have outer membrane

Question 42

What cell is LPS a part of?

Answer 42

Gram-negative cell

Question 43

what can all gram-negative organisms secrete?

Answer 43

A toxic endobacterium

Question 44

What is another term for "tightly bound"?

Answer 44

Capsule

Question 45

What is another term for "loosely connected"?

Answer 45

Slime layer

Question 46

Define peritrichous

Answer 46

Multiple flagella

Question 47

What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

Answer 47

Eukaryotic cells evolved from ancestral bacteria