Chapter 3

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

Communication cells
React and respond to stimuli
Learn and Store information about the environment

Question 2

Glial Cells

Answer 2

“Glue”

Question 3

Types of Glial Cells

Answer 3

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia

Question 4

Astrocytes

Answer 4

Fill the space between neurons
Regulate how far neurotransmitters can spread

Question 5

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 5

Produce myelin

Question 6

Microglia

Answer 6

Remove debris from the nervous system

Question 7

Parts of Neurons

Answer 7

Dendrites - Soma - Axon - Terminal buttons

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

Receive information from other neurons

Question 9

Soma

Answer 9

Contains genetic information

Question 10

Axon

Answer 10

Carries electrical impulse to transmit information

Question 11

Terminal Buttons

Answer 11

Release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft

Question 12

Synapse

Answer 12

Site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two neurons

Question 13

Neurotransmitters

Answer 13

Chemical messengers in body

Question 14

Glutamate

Answer 14

Excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 15

GABA

Answer 15

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 16

Dopamine

Answer 16

Reward and Learning

Question 17

Serotonin

Answer 17

Regulated eating, sleeping and emotions

Question 18

Norepinephrine

Answer 18

Fight of Flight Stress response

Question 19

Acetylcholine

Answer 19

Used by motor neurons

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

Group of cell bodies

Question 21

Tract

Answer 21

Large collection of axons

Question 22

Fissure

Answer 22

Cleft in the cortex - must reach the ventricles

Question 23

Sulcus

Answer 23

More shallow cleft

Question 24

Gyrus

Answer 24

Ridge in the cortex (Bumps of the brain)

Question 25

Logitudinal Fissure

Answer 25

Deep cleft between the left and right hemispheres

Question 26

Grey matter

Answer 26

Outermost layer of the brain (Unmyelinated)

Question 27

White matter

Answer 27

Myelinated axons that connect regions of brain

Question 28

Central Nervous System

Answer 28

Brain and Spinal Cord Encased in bone

Question 29

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 29

Nerves carrying information to and away from the CNS Not enclosed in the bone

Question 30

Autonomic system

Answer 30

Regulation of internal states - Sympathetic - Parasympathetic

Question 31

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 31

Quick responses to prepare body for vigorous activity (Arousal)

Question 32

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 32

Non emergency behaviours (Calming)

Question 33

Parts of Hindbrain

Answer 33

Cerebellum Pons Medulla Oblongata Reticular Formation

Question 34

Cerebellum

Answer 34

Coordinating movement and balance

Question 35

Pons

Answer 35

Links Brain to spinal cord Unconscious process like sleeping and breathing

Question 36

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 36

Breathing blood pressure heart rate and other autonomic functions

Question 37

Cerebellar Agenesis

Answer 37

Impairment of motor functions, especially an inability to coordinate voluntary movements

Question 38

Parts of Midbrain

Answer 38

Superior Colliculus Inferior Colliculus

Question 39

Superior Colliculus

Answer 39

Directing Gaze, object directed behaviour

Question 40

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 40

Main auditory (sound) center of the body

Question 41

Parts of Forebrain

Answer 41

Thalamus Hypothalamus Cerebral cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic System

Question 42

Thalamus

Answer 42

- Relaying centre for motor and sensory signals - Regulates sleep, alertness and wakefulness

Question 43

Hypothalamus

Answer 43

Regulates body temperature Hunger Thirst Mood Sex drive Blood pressure Sleep

Question 44

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 44

Higher congnitive functions

Question 45

Basal Ganglia

Answer 45

Motor function; Motor Learning

Question 46

Limbic System

Answer 46

Emotion, memory, spatial navigation, smell

Question 47

Components of the limbic system

Answer 47

1. Hippocampus 2. Amygdala 3. Olfactory bulb 4. Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Question 48

Corpus Callosum

Answer 48

Bundle of myelinated nerve fivers that connects the two hemispheres

Question 49

Callosal Agenesis

Answer 49

Missing Corupus Callosum

Question 50

What protects the bone

Answer 50

Bone Meninges Ventricular System Blood Brain barier

Question 51

2 parts of the meninges

Answer 51

Arachnoid matter Pia matter