Chapter 3

Question 1

define bioenergetics

Answer 1

the biological system of making energy

Question 2

what is ATP?

Answer 2

a molecule with adenosine and 3 phosphates

Question 3

what do muscles use ATP for?

Answer 3

cross bridge cycle

Question 4

breaking a high energy bond results in

Answer 4

ADP, energy, hydrogen ion

Question 5

true or false: at any given length of performance, one energy system is primarily producing ATP

Answer 5

TRUE
all are always working, but one is the primary source

Question 6

90-100% max power
less than 10 seconds of work
lots of rest between sets (1:12 to 1:20 work to rest ratio)

Answer 6

phosphate system (PCr)

Question 7

what happens when you eat a donut?

Answer 7

donut breaks down into glucose
glucose enters the blood stream

Question 8

blood sugar can be…

Answer 8

stored as fat
stored as glycogen
used for energy

Question 9

when blood sugar is stored as glycogen, where is it stored?

Answer 9

muscle and liver

Question 10

when glycolysis is produced in the present of oxygen, what is the end product?

Answer 10

pyruvate

Question 11

when glycolysis is produced in the absence of oxygen, what is the end product?

Answer 11

lactate

Question 12

where does the process of glycolysis take place?

Answer 12

OUTSIDE the mitochondria

Question 13

what process results in ATP?

Answer 13

anaerobic glycolysis
turning glucose to lactate

Question 14

where does anaerobic glycolysis occur?

Answer 14

in the cytoplasm

Question 15

what is the end product of the cori cycle?

Answer 15

glucose

Question 16

during the cori cycle, glucose is produced from what?

Answer 16

lactate

Question 17

lactate is oxidized by…

Answer 17

type 1 muscle fibers
the heart

Question 18

when _________________ fibers are primarily working, lactate is produced

Answer 18

type 2x and 2a

Question 19

define the lactate threshold

Answer 19

when anaerobic energy production becomes the primary energy source

Question 20

the lactate threshold of untrained individuals occurs at _____ % of max oxygen uptake.
the lactate threshold of trained individuals occurs at ______ % max oxygen uptake.

Answer 20

50-60%
70-80%

Question 21

when looking at a graph, how can the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) be identified?

Answer 21

2nd inflection point when lactate concentration reaches 4mmol

Question 22

what occurs during the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)?

Answer 22

intermediate and large motor units are recruited
catecholamines are released into blood glucose
training near lactate threshold (LT) or OBLA allows you to work at higher intensity with less fatigue

Question 23

what happens when catecholamines are released during OBLA?

Answer 23

the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine mobilize fuel sources to increase blood lactate

Question 24

what is the lactate threshold (LT)?

Answer 24

the switch to using anaerobic energy (fast glycolysis) production as the main fuel source.

Question 25

what threshold correlates with the lactate threshold?

Answer 25

ventilatory threshold

Question 26

oxygen uptake is directly proportional to

Answer 26

heart rate reserve

Question 27

where does the kreb's cycle occur?

Answer 27

in the mitochondria (it requires oxygen)

Question 28

what is the product of aerobic glycolysis?

Answer 28

pyruvate

Question 29

how much ATP does oxidative phosphorylation produce?

Answer 29

34 ATP

Question 30

draw the cycle of cellular respiration

Answer 30

no, seriously, draw it

Question 31

what is the result of beta oxidation?

Answer 31

2-carbon acetyl CoA molecules

Question 32

what happens after the triglyceride is broken down into acetyl-CoA?

Answer 32

the acetyl-CoA enters the krebs cycle

Question 33

what energy system is used? a swimmer performing 25m freestyle intervals: 12-15 seconds with 2.3-3min rest

Answer 33

phosphagen

Question 34

what is the fuel source used? a swimmer performing 25m freestyle intervals: 12-15 seconds with 2.3-3min rest

Answer 34

PCr and up to ~90% carbohydrates

Question 35

what every system will you use to run a marathon?

Answer 35

oxidative (phosphorylation)

Question 36

what energy system is used during interval training? a soccer player performing 6 x2min walk/2min run intervals near VO2max

Answer 36

primarily fast (anaerobic) glycolysis and oxidative

Question 37

what fuel source will you use to run a marathon?

Answer 37

50% fat, 50% carbohydrates

Question 38

what fuel source is used for energy production during rest?

Answer 38

~70% fats, ~30% carbs

Question 39

what energy system is used at rest?

Answer 39

aerobic glycolysis krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation