Chapter 3

Question 1

What are the two stages of protein synthesis?

Answer 1

Transcription- occurs in the nucleus
Translation-occurs in the cytoplasm

Question 2

Hydrophobic

Answer 2

Tails-water fearing

Question 3

Hydrophilic

Answer 3

Heads-Water loving

Question 4

Describe the structure of the plasma membrane

Answer 4

Phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout

Question 5

What are 3 types of cell junctions?

Answer 5

Tight- tightly stitched together
Ex: bladder tissue
Desmosomes-Velcro (gives wiggle room)
Ex: muscle tissue
Gap- chemical to electrical attachment
(Communication)
Ex:cardiac muscle

Question 6

What are the 3 types of tonic solutions

Answer 6

Hypotonic,ionic, and hypertonic

Question 7

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 7

Cells swell and burst
⬇️ solutes/⬆️ H20

Question 8

What happens to a cell in a ionic solution

Answer 8

The cell is at equilibrium/no movement of H2O

Question 9

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 9

Cell loses H20 & shrink (crenate)
⬆️solutes/⬇️H20
Ex: salt on a slug

Question 10

What is active transport?

Answer 10

Requires ATP
Moves against gradient

Question 11

What is a gene?

Answer 11

Segment of DNA codes for one protein

Question 12

Describe simple diffusion

Answer 12

Flows directly through bilayer-lipid soluble

Question 13

Describe facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

Assisted by protein (boat ride)
H2O passes through aquaporins
H20/protein soluble

Question 14

Describe diffusion

Answer 14

Moving things across membrane
High➡️Low concentration solution
Passive-no energy used

Question 15

Describe osmosis

Answer 15

Diffusion of H20

Question 16

What are the 4 stages of mitosis

Answer 16

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 17

What is mitosis?

Answer 17

Cell division

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

Power house of the cell

Question 19

Centrioles

Answer 19

Aids in mitosis

Question 20

Lysosome

Answer 20

Digestive enzymes

Question 21

Nucleus

Answer 21

Controls the cell activities

Question 22

Nuclear membrane

Answer 22

Allows material to move into an out of nucleus

RNA pass through pores

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

Chemical reaction takes place here

Question 24

Ribosome

Answer 24

Protein builders of the cell
Translate genetic code to amino acids
Site of protein synthesis

Question 25

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

Connect membrane Moves material

Question 26

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (E.R)

Answer 26

Process protein *ribosomes

Question 27

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (E.R)

Answer 27

Production and storage of carbs and lipids *no ribosomes

Question 28

Golgi apparatus

Answer 28

Sorts and packs protein into vesicle and transports them

Question 29

In what phase does the cell begin to divide

Answer 29

Telophase

Question 30

What phase do chromosomes start to line up along the middle of the cell

Answer 30

Metaphase

Question 31

What phase do the chromosomes start to pull apart

Answer 31

Anaphase

Question 32

In what phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane breakdown and to spindles form?

Answer 32

Prophase