Chapter 3

Question 1

Understanding how the physical brain gives rise to behavior and mental processing

Answer 1

Biopsychology

Question 2

A brain cell that stores and processes information using an electrical code

Answer 2

Neuron

Question 3

A brain cell that supports the activities of neurons.

Answer 3

Glial Cell

Question 4

Part of the neuron that contains machinery to keep the neuron alive and functioning.

Answer 4

Soma

Question 5

Branching neural fibers that collect inputs from other neurons.

Answer 5

Dentrites

Question 6

A single long wire that sends electrical signal from the soma to other neurons.

Answer 6

Axons

Question 7

Glial cell that provides electrical insulation for the axon.

Answer 7

Myelin

Question 8

Voltage maintained by a neuron when it is not sending any electrical messages.

Answer 8

Resting Potential

Question 9

Electrical impulse that moves from the soma through the axon.

Answer 9

Action Potential

Question 10

Passageways that enable charged particles (ions) to travel through the neural membrane when opened.

Answer 10

Ion Channels

Question 11

The claim that the network that appears when examining brain tissue under a microscope consists of separate cells.

Answer 11

Neuron Doctrine

Question 12

Tiny gap between two neurons where chemical transmission of neural messages occurs.

Answer 12

Synapse

Question 13

Chemical messengers manufactured by one neuron that communicate with other neurons via synapses.

Answer 13

Neruotransmitters

Question 14

Tiny bags used to contain and transport neurotransmitters from the soma to the end of the axon.

Answer 14

Vesicles

Question 15

Places where neurotransmitters fit like a key in a lock to activate postsynaptic neurons.

Answer 15

Receptor Sites

Question 16

Chemicals that alter mental function by interacting with one or more synaptic processes.

Answer 16

Psychoactive Drugs

Question 17

Part of the brain that underlies feelings of pleasure.

Answer 17

Nucleus Accumbens

Question 18

Tiny gap between a muscle fiber and the motor neuron controlling the fiber.

Answer 18

Neuromuscular Junction

Question 19

The process of the sending neuron reclaiming used neurotransmitters from the synapse

Answer 19

Reuptake

Question 20

A drug that boosts the effectiveness of a neurotransmitter

Answer 20

Agonists

Question 21

A drug that reduces the effectiveness of a neurotransmitter

Answer 21

Antagonists

Question 22

Influences learning, attention, and emotion

Answer 22

Dopamine

Question 23

Causes a muscle fiber to contract when released into a neuromuscular junction

Answer 23

Acetylcholine

Question 24

Affects mood, sleep and appetite

Answer 24

Serotonin

Question 25

A drug that relieves pain by mimicking endorphins.

Answer 25

Morphine

Question 26

A substance causing pain relief

Answer 26

Analgesic

Question 27

the part of the nervous system made up of the brain and the spinal cord.

Answer 27

Central Nervous System

Question 28

a neuron in the spine that is involved in reflexive movements.

Answer 28

Interneuron

Question 29

the portion of the nervous system containing all nerves outside the central nervous system.

Answer 29

Peripheral nervous system

Question 30

the portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary behaviors such as heartbeat, blood pressure, and digestion.

Answer 30

Autonomic nervous system

Question 31

the portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary behaviors

Answer 31

Somatic nervous system

Question 32

the portion of the autonomic nervous system that controls the body’s organ activity in response to threats (i.e., fight or flight).

Answer 32

Sympathetic Nervous systerm

Question 33

the portion of the autonomic nervous system that controls normal organ activity

Answer 33

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 34

A brainstem structure that controls basic reflexes such as breathing and heartbeat

Answer 34

Medulla

Question 35

A brain structure that contributes to movements requiring balance,coordination, and precise timing.

Answer 35

Cerebellum

Question 36

A group of midbrain structures that contributes to our emotional experience

Answer 36

Limbic System

Question 37

Recieves incoming sensory information and passes the information onto the limbic system and the cortex

Answer 37

Thalamus

Question 38

A midbrain structure that is essential to motivated behaviors such as feeding or fighting

Answer 38

Hypothalamus

Question 39

Stores conscious experiences in memory to be made available for later retrieval

Answer 39

HIppocampus

Question 40

The wrinkly surface of the brane

Answer 40

Cortex

Question 41

Primary visual processing occurs in the occipital lobe at the back of the brain, then projects forward in the "Where" stream to the parietal lobe and in the "What" stream to the temporal lobe

Answer 41

Occipital Lobe

Question 42

As the target of the "Where" stream , it Processes visual attention and perception of location

Answer 42

Parietal Lobe

Question 43

Forms the front edge of the parietal lobe and processes touch sensations

Answer 43

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Question 44

As the target to of the "What stream , it processes complex shapes such as faces

Answer 44

Temporal Lobe

Question 45

Implicated in executive functioning such as planning and impulse control

Answer 45

Frontal Lobe

Question 46

Forms the rear edge of the frontal lobe and programs voluntary movements

Answer 46

Primary Motor Cortex

Question 47

A thick bundle of fibers that connects the two hemisphere

Answer 47

Corpus Callosum

Question 48

An operation to server the corpus callosum, which may reduce seizures

Answer 48

Corpus Callosotomy

Question 49

Moves & Senses the right side of the body language

Answer 49

Left Hemisphere

Question 50

Moves & Senses the left side of the body , has emotional processing and spatial reasoning.

Answer 50

Right Hemisphere