CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
(59 cards)
involves recognizing, organizing, and making sense of sensations received from environmental stimuli.
Perception
What are the 4 Basic Concepts of Perception?
Distal Object:
Informational Medium:
Proximal Stimulation:
Perceptual Object:
The external object in the world (e.g., a tree falling).
Distal Object:
The medium that carries information (e.g., sound waves, light waves).
Informational Medium:
Occurs when sensory receptors (e.g., retina) receive input from the environment (e.g., light waves).
Proximal Stimulation:
The mental image or understanding of the external object created by the brain.
Perceptual Object:
Involves the direct stimulation of sensory receptors (e.g., detecting light, sound, touch).
Sensation:
When exposed to a uniform visual field (e.g., a dense fog), perception of the stimulus fades over time, resulting in a gray visual field.
Ganzfeld Effect:
Our minds create ____ _______ of objects based on sensory input, which may not always correspond directly to the stimuli received
Mental Representations:
illustrate that what we sense is not necessarily what we perceive.
Perceptual illusions
Long, thin photoreceptors that are concentrated in the periphery of the retina. They are responsible for night vision and detecting light and dark stimuli.
Rods:
Short, thick photoreceptors located in the fovea (central retina), responsible for color perception.
Cones:
_____ in rods and cones react to light, converting electromagnetic energy into neural signals that are transmitted to the brain via bipolar cells and ganglion cells.
Photopigments
Responsible for processing the location and movement of objects.
Extends to the parietal lobe.
Dorsal Pathway (Where Pathway):
Processes the identity, color, shape, and form of objects.
Extends to the temporal lobe.
Ventral Pathway (What Pathway):
Controls how we move and interact with objects based on their location and properties.
How Pathway:
this hypothesis suggests that the pathways refer to what objects are and how we interact with them
What–How Hypothesis:
Perception begins with sensory information and moves upwards to higher cognitive processes.
Bottom-Up Theories
The sensory receptors and environmental context provide all the necessary information for perception.
Direct Perception (Gibson’s Theory of Direct Perception):
We compare observed stimuli suggest that our minds store highly detailed templates (models) for recognizing patterns.
Template Theories
propose that we match features of a pattern (e.g., edges, lines) rather than whole patterns to stored features in memory.
Feature-Matching Theories
What are the 4 The Pandemonium Models?
Image Demons:
Feature Demons:
Cognitive Demons:
Decision Demon:
Receive the visual input and pass it on to feature demons.
Image Demons:
Detect specific features of the stimulus and shout them out.
Feature Demons:
