Chapter 3 Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is inertia?
Inertia is the inability of objects to move on their own or change their state of motion.
What is inertia of rest?
Inertia of rest is the inability of an object to change its state of rest.
Give an example of inertia of rest.
- When a stationary bus starts to move, passengers experience a sudden backward push due to inertia.
- A book lying on the table will remain at rest until it is moved by some external agency.
What is inertia of motion?
Inertia of motion is the inability of an object to change its state of uniform speed on its own.
Give an example of inertia of motion.
When the bus is in motion and the brake is applied suddenly, passengers move forward and hit against the front seat due to inertia.
What is inertia of direction?
Inertia of direction is the inability of an object to change its direction of motion.
What is inertia?
Inertia is the property of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.
What happens to passengers in a bus when it suddenly stops?
Passengers move forward due to inertia, continuing in motion until acted upon by an external force.
What is the impulse-momentum theorem?
The impulse (J) is equal to the change in momentum (Δp) of an object, denoted as J = FΔt.
What is the equation for impulse?
The impulse equation is J = FΔt, where F is the constant force applied over the time interval Δt.
What is Newton’s second law?
Newton’s second law states that the force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum.
What is one newton defined as?
One newton is the force that acts on a 1 kg mass to give it an acceleration of 1 m/s².
What is inertia of rest?
Inertia of rest is the inability of an object to change its state of rest.
What is inertia of motion?
Inertia of motion is the inability of an object to change its state of uniform motion.
What is inertia of direction?
Inertia of direction is the inability of an object to change its direction of motion.
What occurs when a stone attached to a string is suddenly released?
The stone will continue in motion in a straight line due to inertia.
What is the relationship between force and momentum?
The force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum.
What happens to an athlete running in a race after reaching the finish line?
The athlete will continue to run forward due to inertia.
What is the average force acted on an object over a short interval of time?
The average force is defined by impulse (J).
J = Δp = F_avg
What is the relationship between change in momentum and impulse?
Change in momentum (Δp) is equal to impulse (J).
J = F_avg
Why is it easier to pull an object than to push it?
When pushing at an angle θ, the normal force increases, making it harder to push.
N_push = mg + F_cos
What are the two components of the applied force when pushing at an angle?
The applied force can be resolved into F_sine (parallel) and F_cos (perpendicular) to the surface.
What are the types of friction?
- Static friction 2. Kinetic friction
What is static friction?
Static friction opposes the movement of an object from rest and can take values from zero to μ_s.N.
If an external force exceeds μ_s.N, the object begins to move.
