Chapter 3

Question 1

Between 1860 and 1890 how many people immigratedto America

Answer 1

10millionm

Question 2

What reasons were there for immigration into the us between 1860 and 1890

Answer 2

-there was empty land to be filled
-there were expanding industries In need of a labour force
-a willingness to welcome new immigrants (land of the free and Statue of Liberty defined this)

Question 3

Where were a lot of the immigrants from

Answer 3

Germans, swedes, Irish and Scott’s

Question 4

Where did immigrants settle in America

Answer 4

Early wave of Scandinavian and German immigrants mostly settled in rural areas. However Irish immigrants were more likely to settle in urban areas, such as New York, Boston and Chicago.

Question 5

How did industrialisation and immigration affect immigration

Answer 5

More and more immigrants were sucked in to the expanding towns and cities.

Question 6

Who else arrived in the us aside from Europeans

Answer 6

A lot of Chinese arrived in us employed in the construction of western sectors of the transcontinental railroads

Question 7

What tensions were there between immigrants and Americans

Answer 7

Immigration created tensions and social divisions, new immigrant communities were often regarded with suspicion and hostility. They were seen as a threat to jobs or to existing social and cultural norms.

Question 8

Who were nativists

Answer 8

People who’s parents had been born in the us and felt it necessary to protect American values against the alien ways bought in by immigrants

Question 9

What opposition was there to Chinese immigration

Answer 9

There was a strong reaction against Chinese immigrants, newspapers and politicians campaiging against the yellow peril of Chinese immigration. The pressure pushed congress into passing the Chinese exclusion act of 1882

Question 10

What was the Chinese exclusion act 1882

Answer 10

Excluded skilled or unskilled Chinese individuals from migrating. It prevented Chinese people already in the us from gaining citizenship and also made it hard for them to return if they visited china

Question 11

When did Chinese immigrants first start coming into the us

Answer 11

1849 gold rush

Question 12

How did Chinese People impact labour forces

Answer 12

They provided half the labour force for San fran

Question 13

When was the Chinese exclusion act renewed

Answer 13

1892 and 1902

Question 14

When was the Chinese exclusion act finally repealed

Answer 14

1943

Question 15

What conference launched the feminist campaign

Answer 15

The Seneca falls convention in 1848, launched the first female feminist movement

Question 16

What was the temperance movement

Answer 16

Campaigned for restrictions on alcohol and the fight to abolish slavery

Question 17

What were the splits between feminists and when did they unite

Answer 17

There were tensions between conservative and radical women’s groups, the split lasted for 20 years until 1890 when they United to form the national American women’s suffrage association.

Question 18

Who was Elizabeth cady Stanton

Answer 18

• leading figure in the fight for female suffrage (Seneca falls campaign)
  -she campaigned for the abolition of slavery
  -she didn’t support the 14th and 15th ammendment as she felt blacks should have same rights as women
  -1890 she became president of the reunified NAWSA
  -1892 she presented the argument for female suffrage to congress.

Question 19

Who was Susan b Anthony

Answer 19

-she campaigned for women’s rights and abolition of slavery, was apart of temperance movement
-worked closely with Stanton founded American equal rights association in 1866.
-was arrested in 1872 for voting in the midterms.
-in 1878 she played a key role in proposing to congress a constitutional ammendment giving women the right to vote

Question 20

What happened to the population in New York and Chicago

Answer 20

-population doubled in New York
- population went from 100,000 to a million in New York.

Question 21

What caused increases population in the north and east

Answer 21

-industrialisation
-urbanisation
-railroads

Question 22

What happened in the great railroad strike of 1877

Answer 22

Railroad strike of July 1877
-began at Martinsburg in West Virginia, with workers fighting wage cuts by the Baltimore and Ohio railroad.
-unrest spread to Maryland where there was street fights between workers and troops of the national guard.
-strikes then broke out in pensylvania with violent clashes in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh

Question 23

What happened when the riots spread to Philadelphia and Pittsburgh

Answer 23

The union rail depot was set on fire and more than 40 people were killed by militiamen

Question 24

How did president hayes respond to the 1877 railroad strike

Answer 24

Sent serveral thousand troops to restore order

Question 25

What did powerful Irish gangs do in Chicago

Answer 25

Terrorised immigrant groups who arrived such as Italians Jews and poles

Question 26

What were the orange riots

Answer 26

On 12th July 1870 eight people were killed when a march through New York by orange men (Irish Protestants) as heckled by Irish Catholics. The next parade in 1871 resulted in major rioting and resulted in the death of 60 civilians

Question 27

What were scalawags

Answer 27

Southerners who helped northerners

Question 28

How were the treaty’s with Indians undermined

Answer 28

Events such as gold prospectors who poured into the black hills of the Dakota from 1874, breaking the 1868 treaty of fort lamine

Question 29

What happened to towns in the west

Answer 29

Mining towns such as Virginia city had sudden booms and then were deserted when the Prospectors and speculators found mineral riches elsewhere

Question 30

What divisions were there in the south

Answer 30

Small farmers and banks, railroads and land companies and between rival towns and rival businessesman

Question 31

What was the biggest division in the west

Answer 31

White settlers and Native Americans

Question 32

How had life changed for native Americans by 1890

Answer 32

There way of life had completely gone, open land was fenced, tribal lands were handed out to setllers, and native Americans were now confined to small uneconomic areas.

Question 33

What other groups were discriminated against in the rush to exploit the west

Answer 33

The small farmers who represented the ideal image of pioneers.

Question 34

What happened to small farmers in the race to exploit the west

Answer 34

-settlers were pushed aside by big agriculture ranching and mining -they often struggled for economic survival running into debt -

Question 35

What caused the establishment of organisations in the late 1880s to represent independent farmers

Answer 35

Farmers were In desperate need of credit to buy seeds fertiliser and equipment

Question 36

What was the granger movement

Answer 36

First formed in 1867 as a cooperative movement to help farmers with loans, advice and solidarity. They were especially hostile to railroads

Question 37

How did farmers have a pollitical affect by 1890

Answer 37

By 1890 farmers grievance was a significant pollitical force attacking big buisness and demanding low tarrifs and currency reform

Question 38

When did the granger movement peak

Answer 38

1880

Question 39

When and where was the alliance movement formed

Answer 39

Began in Texas in 1870

Question 40

How did the alliance movement differ to the granger movement

Answer 40

The alliance movement took a more openly pollitical approach than the granger movement and put up candidates in elections

Question 41

What was a sharecropper

Answer 41

An agricultural labourer who worked land as a tenant farmer but was subject to discrimination, in return the landowner recieved a share of what the labourer produced.

Question 42

What did the removal of troops from the south have r

Answer 42

Laws to protect aas rights were not enforced

Question 43

What advances were there for African Americans after the era of reconstruction

Answer 43

-many moved away from their previous home districts. -they chose new surnames and insisted on being called Mrs or mr -they excersies their right to marry set up churches and small buisnesses

Question 44

How was education improved for AAs

Answer 44

Wealthy philanthropists donated money to open up schools and universities -between 1866 and 1868 there universities specifically for AAs were set up such as: Fisk university, Howard university and Hampton institute. -thousands of public schools were opened

Question 45

How was education improvement limited for AAs

Answer 45

It was estimated that more than half of AAs in the south were illiterate in 1890