Chapter 3

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

an active process of learning and social development and happens as we interact with others

Question 2

when is the critical period for socialization

Answer 2

birth to adolescence

Question 3

what do we learn during socialization

Answer 3

identity and values

Question 4

primary socialization agents

Answer 4

upbringing, parents, and family

Question 5

secondary socialization agents

Answer 5

late childhood, peers, media, school

Question 6

sport socialization is related to…

Answer 6

person’s abilities or characteristics, influence of significant others, and availability of opportunities

Question 7

Socialization-Interactionist Model

Answer 7

processes of social learning and development happen through social interaction and it creates and maintains organization for social worlds

Question 8

Wheeler’s Socialization Findings

Answer 8

children who thought sports were important came from families that had positive support for them and resources

Question 9

Coakley and White’s Socialization Findings

Answer 9

deciding to play sports depends on family support and sport’s connection with other interests and goals

Question 10

Danelly and Young’s Socialization Findings

Answer 10

sport subcultures and being accepted rely on learning new things and learning expectations

Question 11

What did Coakley find about burnout and development?

Answer 11

burnout happens when athletes have little control over their lives and sport was perceived to interfere with accomplishing important developmental tasks

Question 12

Why did Kookouris say people ended sports participation?

Answer 12

the need to obtain a job and become an independent and realistic judgment of skills and sports future

Question 13

sports produce positive effects when…

Answer 13

they can develop non-sport identities and learning outside of sports

Question 14

sports produces negative effects when…

Answer 14

evaluate people by their accomplishments,, parents push kids beyond the normals, and when winning is the most important thing

Question 15

the healthiest physical activities are…

Answer 15

noncompetitive

Question 16

People define and give meaning to sports experiences in…

Answer 16

connection to social relationships

Question 17

What did Theoberge discover about locker rooms

Answer 17

women view it as a social and bonding time and men don’t

Question 18

What is Adler’s “role engulfment”

Answer 18

separates them from the relationships and experiences they require if they are to learn from their sports experiences

Question 19

What do sports do for minorities according to Wacquant?

Answer 19

can provide disciplined structure, give identity/hope, and not give in to negative influences

Question 20

3 factors related to sport participation

Answer 20

a person’s abilities, influence of significant others, and availability of opportunities to play personally satisfying sports

Question 21

Physically Literate

Answer 21

have the ability, confidence, and desire to be physically active for life

Question 22

What is the foundation for lifelong sports participation?

Answer 22

physical literacy

Question 23

6 factors Youth use to Make Decisions about sports participation (Coakley and white)

Answer 23

ideas about the connection between sports participation/development, desire to show competence to gain respect, family/peer support, access to resources, memories of sports/physical activities, and social/cultural significance of sports to them

Question 24

Donelly and Young 4 phases of sports socialization

Answer 24

acquiring knowledge about sports, interacting with athletes, learning how to participate/expectations, and becoming recognized/respected as an athlete

Question 25

sport socialization is...

Answer 25

continuous

Question 26

What 4 life events did Dutch researchers study how they impact sport participation

Answer 26

beginning to work, living independently, cohabitating/getting married, and becoming a first-time parent

Question 27

Hugh's 3 causes of burnout

Answer 27

exhaustion because of overtraining, devaluing of sports participation/performance, and feeling like a good performance isn't possible

Question 28

4 things skaters did to affirm their identity

Answer 28

modification, dedication, humor, homage

Question 29

Lifestyle Sport

Answer 29

enjoyed for happiness and individual skill development with no formal competition or hierarchy

Question 30

6 factors that influence the quality of transition out of high school sports

Answer 30

centrality/importance of athletic identity, anticipation/preparing for transition, exploring opportunities/possibilities for future growth/development, being satisfied with athletic performance, creating strategies for maintaining teammate connections, and having social/emotional support system

Question 31

6 oversights in studies about the great myth

Answer 31

sports experiences are diverse, selection processes exist in sports, sport experiences have different meanings to different people, people change, relationships and context matter, and sport experiences aren't unique

Question 32

Sports participation has a positive impact when there are...

Answer 32

opportunities to explore/develop identities outside of sports, building knowledge outside of sports, new relationships outside of sports, skill transfer lessons, opportunities to show competence in non-sports

Question 33

Gramsci said fascists/autocratic leaders maintained power by...

Answer 33

convincing people that life is as good as possible, all positive things are due to leaders, and changing leaders would threaten the values

Question 34

Hegemony

Answer 34

process of maintaining leadership and control by gaining consent/approval from those being led/controlled