Chapter 3

Question 1

What is migration?

Answer 1

A form of relocation diffusion that involves a permanent move to a new location.

Question 2

Define immigration.

Answer 2

Migration to a new location.

Question 3

What does emigration mean?

Answer 3

Migration from a location.

Question 4

What is migration transition?

Answer 4

A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.

Question 5

What is international migration?

Answer 5

Permanent movement from one country to another.

Question 6

What characterizes voluntary migration?

Answer 6

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

Question 7

Define forced migration.

Answer 7

Permanent movement, compelled by cultural or environmental factors.

Question 8

What is internal migration?

Answer 8

Permanent movement within a particular country.

Question 9

What does interregional migration entail?

Answer 9

Permanent movement from one region to another.

Question 10

Explain intraregional migration.

Answer 10

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

Question 11

Who is E.G. Ravenstein?

Answer 11

A German-English geographer who developed the theory of human migration, which still serves as the basis of modern migration theories.

Question 12

Who was Wilbur Zelinsky?

Answer 12

An American geographer who identified stages of migration transition as a tool for identifying how migration patterns changed in accordance with the demographic transition.

Question 13

What is urbanization?

Answer 13

Net migration from rural areas to urban areas.

Question 14

Define counterurbanization.

Answer 14

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

Question 15

What does suburbanization refer to?

Answer 15

Net migration from the urban center to the immediate surrounding area around the city.

Question 16

What is the Rust Belt?

Answer 16

The Northeast and Midwest regions of the U.S. from which people have been migrating from for the last 100 years.

Question 17

Define the Sun Belt.

Answer 17

The southern region of the U.S. to which people have been migrating to since the 1920s.

Question 18

What is remittance?

Answer 18

Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated.

Question 19

What is a push factor?

Answer 19

A factor that induces people to move out of their present location.

Question 20

Define pull factor.

Answer 20

A factor that induces people to move to a new location.

Question 21

What is a refugee?

Answer 21

Someone who is forced to migrate from his or her home country and cannot return for fear of persecution.

Question 22

What is an internally displaced person (IDP)?

Answer 22

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across a border.

Question 23

Define asylum seeker.

Answer 23

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee.

Question 24

What is a guest worker?

Answer 24

A term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe in search of a higher-paying job.

Question 25

What is an expatriate?

Answer 25

A person temporarily or permanently residing in a country other than where they grew up due to some intervening factor.

Question 26

Define ethnic cleansing.

Answer 26

A systematic forced removal or extermination of a specific ethnic group.

Question 27

What is an intervening obstacle?

Answer 27

An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration.

Question 28

What is a quota in migration?

Answer 28

A law that places a maximum limit on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Question 29

Define chain migration.

Answer 29

The migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality already moved there.

Question 30

What is brain drain?

Answer 30

The large-scale emigration of talented and educated people.

Question 31

What does xenophobia mean?

Answer 31

The unreasoned fear of something perceived to be foreign.

Question 32

What is net migration?

Answer 32

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.

Question 33

What is a visa?

Answer 33

A document issued by a country which allows the holder to enter the country.

Question 34

Define passport.

Answer 34

A travel document issued by a government which certifies identity and nationality of the holder.

Question 35

What is a green card?

Answer 35

The informal name for an identification card allowing legal residence in the United States.

Question 36

What is human trafficking?

Answer 36

The illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.

Question 37

Define circular migration.

Answer 37

Temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment.

Question 38

What is Lee's Model of Migration?

Answer 38

A migration model that introduces a refinement to push and pull factors, including intervening obstacles.

Question 39

What are Ravenstein's Laws of migration?

Answer 39

Describe voluntary migration patterns, many still hold true today.

Question 40

What does migration selectivity refer to?

Answer 40

Combination of factors that predict a person's likelihood to migrate based on age, gender, and education.

Question 41

What is mobility?

Answer 41

All types of movements between locations.

Question 42

Define step migration.

Answer 42

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages.

Question 43

What is circulation?

Answer 43

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.

Question 44

What does desertification mean?

Answer 44

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions.

Question 45

What is a floodplain?

Answer 45

An area subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historical trends.

Question 46

What is an unauthorized immigrant?

Answer 46

A person who enters a country without proper documents to do so.

Question 47

Define diaspora

Answer 47

a community of people dispersed across the world, retaining their ethnic, religious, or cultural distinctiveness