chapter 3

Question 1

what is haploid (n)

Answer 1

cells that contain only one copy of each chromosome pair

Question 2

what is diploid (2n)

Answer 2

cells that contain both copies of. homologous pair

Question 3

what are sister chromatids

Answer 3

two copies of a single chromosome after chromosome replication in the s phase and connected by centromeres

Question 4

metacentric/acocentric centromers

Answer 4

meta= near center acro= above or below center

Question 5

homologous chromosomes

Answer 5

chromosomes that match in shape and size, have same genes, but different alleles

Question 6

non homologous chromosomes

Answer 6

do not match bcs they have diff genes

Question 7

what is an autosome

Answer 7

chromosomes that do not determine sex and are found as homologous pairs

Question 8

what phases does the cell cycle consist of

Answer 8

interphase ( 3 parts) and M phase

Question 9

What 3 parts are in interphase and what happens

Answer 9

G1 phase- cell grows and produces proteins
S phase- DNA/ chromosome replication occurs
G2 phase- cell preps for mitosis

Question 10

what happens in M phase

Answer 10

cells divide through mitosis and 2 daughter cells are produced through cytokinesis

Question 11

what is a spindle

Answer 11

made of microtubules from two spindle poles that forms during m phase to guide chromosome movements

Question 12

what are kinetochores

Answer 12

structures found at centromeres that connect the chromosomes to the microtubule fibers of the spindle.

Question 13

what is nondisjunction –

Answer 13

rare mistakes that occur during cell division in which chromosomes or chromatids that should separate from each other fail to do so.

Question 14

what is crossing-over

Answer 14

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that takes place during prophase of meiosis I at sites called chiasmata

Question 15

what are germ cells

Answer 15

cells destined for a specialized role in gamete production

Question 16

what is meiosis –

Answer 16

cell division of germ cells that result in the formation of gametes

Question 17

difference between meiosis and mitosis

Answer 17

mitosis has 1 round of division and meiosis has 2 rounds of division

Question 18

mitosis occurs in _ cells

Answer 18

stomatic

Question 19

meiosis occurs in _ cells

Answer 19

germ

Question 20

how many daughter cells are in each

Answer 20

mitosis = 2 identical daughter cells ( 46 chromosoms)
miosis= 4 non identical daughter cells (23 chromosomes)

Question 21

5 stages of mitosis

Answer 21

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase/cytokinesis

Question 23

5 stages of mitosis

Answer 23

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase/cytokinesis

Question 24

what happens in prophase

Answer 24

chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and spindle fibers form

Question 25

what happens in prometaphase

Answer 25

spindle forms and sister chromatids attach

Question 26

what happens in metaphase

Answer 26

chromosomes align at cell equator

Question 27

anaphase

Answer 27

sister chromatids seperate and move to opposite poles

Question 28

telophase

Answer 28

chromosomes decondense and enclosed in 2 nuclei

Question 29

cytokinesis

Answer 29

cytoplasm divides and 2 daughter cells are formed