Chapter 3 Flashcards
collecting relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion
assessment
idiographic
focus on individual person
conducted first time client meets therapist
used to collect detail info about client
sometimes involve familt
allow the interviewer to focus on whatever topics they think is important
clinical interviews
open -ended questions.
not trying to lead client in a specific direction - no right or wrong answer, no set of questions; very flexable, free to allow client to go off in any direction
unstructured interview
specific questions in order with certain words - follow up questions, very specific. No flexibility. No deviation from script. Often include mental status exam. Prepared questions.
Structured Interview
some set of questions should be asked but, they don’t have to be asked in order, don’t have to use specific wording so there is some flexability
Semi-structured Interview
Therapist observes client for
appearance, alertness & awareness of environment, speech/vocab, behavior, mood, affect, thought process & content, memory and reasoning.
Mental Status Exam
a measure of consistency of an assessment tool
reliability
can have reliability without validity
an index of how consistent the results of a test are over time (the same test is administered more than once)
test-retest
an index of how consistent the results are of different parts of the same test
internal reliability
an index of how consistent the observations or judgements of the same individual are between two or more judges
inter-rater reliability
the degree to which an assessment took measures what is was designed to measure
validity
extent to which the items on the measure appear to measure what they are intended to measure
face validity
the extent to which a test assess all of the important aspects of a phenomenon
content validity
extent to which a test yeilds the same results as other measure of the same phenomenon
concurrent validity
the extent to which a test predicts how the person will act, think, or feel in the future
predictive validity
the extent to which a test measures what it’s supposed to measure, and not something else.
construct validity
require that clients interpret vague and ambiguous stimuli or follow open-ended questions. Assumes clients will project their unconscious desires, wishes, or thoughts into the stimuli. Mainly used by psychodynamic practitioners
- thematic apperception test
- rorschach test
- sentence completion test
- drawings
Projective tests
look to measure different traits, different personality types. designed to measure broad personality characteristics
focus on behaviors, beliefs and feelings
usually based on self-reported responses
most widely used: MMPI
Personality inventories
usually based on self-reported responses. Focus on one specific areas of functioning
Affective inventories
Social skill inventories
Cognitive inventories
Response Inventories
measure physiological responses as an indication of psychological problems. Includes heart rate, blood pressure, body temp, galvanic skin responses, and muscle contractions.
Most popular = polygraph (lie detector)
Psychophysiological tests
directly assess brain functioning by assessing brain structure and activity
ex: EEG, PET scans, MRI
Neurological tests
uses x-rays to highlight STRUCTURE of the brain, and identify any abnormalities
Computerized axial tomography (CAT)
provides a picture of brain ACTIVITY
Position Emission Tomography (PET)
