Chapter 3

Question 1

Nutrition

Answer 1

How and organism obtains and uses its food

Question 2

Bio molecules

Answer 2

Chemicals made in living things

Question 3

Bio molecules examples

Answer 3

Fats
Protein
Carbohydrates
Vitamins

Question 4

Carbohydrates elements

Answer 4

CHO
Cx(H2O)y

Question 5

Glucose elements

Answer 5

C6H12C6
A simple carbohydrate

Question 6

Monosaccharide

Answer 6

Smallest and simplest type of carb

Sweet and soluble in water

Composed of a single sugar unit

A single sugar unit is a ring of carbon atoms

Eg. Glucose + fructose

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

Made by plants in photosynthesis
Found in sweets and fruit

Question 8

Disaccharide

Answer 8

Composed of 2 sugar units
Eg. Maltose and sucrose (table sugar)
Maltose=fructose+glucose
Sucrose=glucose+glucose

Question 9

Polysaccharide

Answer 9

Composed of many sugar units
Very large molecules made up of many monosaccharides
Not sweet
Insoluble/slighty
Eg. Starch+ cellulose

Question 10

Starch (amylose)

Answer 10

Composed of glucose joined together
Easily digestible
Stored by plants
Eg. Bread ,rice , pasta

Question 11

Cellulose

Answer 11

Composed by glucose joined together harder to digest because of cross bonding
Found in cell wall

Question 12

Glycogen

Answer 12

Complex polysaccharide
Animals store it in livers and muscles

Question 13

Source of carbs

Answer 13

Bread
Pasta
Potatoes
Rice

Question 14

Structural role of carbs

Answer 14

Cellulose is used to form plant cell walls

Question 15

Metabolic role of carbohydrates

Answer 15

Glucose is broken down in respiration to release energy
Glucose is made in photosynthesis

Question 16

Lipids element

Answer 16

Made up of CHO
fats are lipids solid at 20C
Oils are lipid liquid at 20C

Question 17

Structure of a lipid

Answer 17

One unit of glycerol and 3 units of fatty acid. (Triglyceride)

Phospholipid same thing but replace 1 fatty acid with phosphate

Question 18

Sources of lipids

Answer 18

Oils
Butters
Creams
Fat on meat

Question 19

Structural role of lipids

Answer 19

Lipids store twice as much energy than carbohydrates.
Heat insulation
Protection
Lipids combine with protein=lipoprotein
Lipids combine with phosphorus=phospholipid

Question 20

Metabolic role of lipids

Answer 20

Broken down in respiration=energy

Question 21

Protein element

Answer 21

CHON (sometimes sulphur)

Question 22

Protein

Answer 22

Bonds between amino acids=peptides links

Less than 20 amino acids=peptides

More than 20 amino acids=polypeptides

Question 23

What’s happens if protein in folded wrong

Answer 23

Prions can cause brain and nervous system disease

Question 24

Fibrous proteins

Answer 24

Little to no folding
Form long fibres and strong
Eg. Hair , nails , feathers

Question 25

Globular proteins

Answer 25

A lot of folding They from rounded shapes Eg. Egg white , enzymes

Question 26

Where is amino acids stored?

Answer 26

Not stored in the body Turned to urea in kidney passed through urine

Question 27

Sources of protein

Answer 27

Milk Nuts Meat Fish

Question 28

Structural role of protein

Answer 28

Fibrous protein such as keratin=hair and skin Myosin is found muscles

Question 29

Metabolic role of proteins

Answer 29

Regulate body reaction Fights intentions and from anti bodies Control reactions