Enzymes Flashcards
(33 cards)
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Anabolic
The building up of smaller molecules to form larger molecules e.g photosynthesis
Catabolic
The breaking down of larger molecules to into smaller molecules eg. Respiration
Enzymes
-They’re biological catalyst that speed up chemical reactions in the body
-3D globular shapes
-Made up of proteins and very specific to temp and pH
Substrate
The substance with which an enzyme reacts
Product
The substance the enzyme will form
Active site
The part of the enzyme that the substrate reacts with
Enzyme substrate complex
Enzyme + substrate together
Optimum
The conditions at which an enzyme works best at
What was the initial thought about how enzymes and substrates fit together?
It was thought that an enzyme and substrate had to fit by a lock and key model.
What is the first step in the Induced Fit Model?
The substrate combines with the active site of the enzyme.
What happens to the active site of the enzyme after the substrate combines?
The active site changes shape slightly - induced.
Step 3 of the induced fit model
The substrate is altered and the product is formed.
What happens to the products after they are formed?
The products leave the active site. The active site returns to their original shape and is ready to accept a new substrate molecule
What does the active site do after the products leave?
The active site returns to its original shape and can now accept a new substrate molecule.
What factors are enzymes specific to?
Enzymes are specific to temperature and pH.
Where is amylase found and what is its optimum pH?
Found in mouth. pH 6.
Where is pepsin found and what is its optimum pH?
Found in stomach. pH 2.
What happens if an enzyme goes outside of its optimum pH or temperature?
It starts to become denatured.
What is a denatured enzyme?
A denatured enzyme has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its function.
Bio processing
The use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product , eg beers and yoghurt
Bioreactor
A vessel / container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product
Immobilised enzymes
Enzymes that are fixed to each other or to inert material (enzymes enclosed in gel)
Physical Methods of immobilising
Absorption
Enclosed in a membrane
Trapped in gel
