chapter 3 2

Question 1

— emerged in France in the mid-19th century and lasted until the early
20th century.

Answer 1

Impressionism

Question 2

Can be considered the first distinctly modern movement in painting.

Answer 2

Impressionism

Question 3

— was characterized by its focus on capturing the fleeting impressions
of light and colour in the natural world and was marked by its loose brushwork and
vivid, luminous colours.

Answer 3

Impressionism

Question 4

—- sought to capture the sensory experience of the world around
them, often painting outdoors or en plein air (a French expression meaning “in the
open air”).

Answer 4

Impressionist artists

Question 5

The —- aimed to be painters of the real life they aimed to extend the
possible subjects for paintings.

Answer 5

impressionist

Question 6

—- is a term used to describe the reaction in the 1880s against
Impressionism. It was led by Paul Cezanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh and
Georges Seurat.

Answer 6

Post Impressionism

Question 7

—- is a movement in French painting of the late 19th century that
reacted against the empirical realism of Impressionism by relying on systematic
calculation and scientific predetermined visual effects.

Answer 7

Neo-Impressionism

Question 8

—- was both an artistic and a literary movement that suggested ideas
through symbols and emphasized the meaning behind the forms, lines, shapes, and
colors.

Answer 8

Symbolism

Question 9

— can also be seen as being at the forefront of modernism, in that it
developed new and often abstract means to express psychological truth and the idea
that behind the physical world lay a spiritual reality.

Answer 9

Symbolism

Question 10

—- could take the ineffable, such as dreams and visions, and give it form.

Answer 10

Symbolists

Question 11

—– in the visual arts had its sources in early 19th-century Romanticism’s
emphasis on the imagination, rather than reason, and the themes first evident in the
writer Charles Baudelaire’s Les Fleurs du Mal (1857).

Answer 11

Symbolism

Question 12

—- was in many ways a rection against the moralism, rationalism, and
materialism of the 1880s.

Answer 12

Symbolism

Question 13

An offshoot of the literary Symbolism that influenced visual art was the field of art
criticism, particularly that of ——-.

Answer 13

Albert Aurier

Question 14

In 1891 Albert Aurier wrote, in what became
essentially a Symbolist manifesto, that art should be

Answer 14

1. Idéiste (Ideative) … expressing an idea.
2. Symbolist since it expresses that idea through form.
3. Synthetic since it expresses those forms and signs in a way that is generally
   understandable.
4. Subjective since the object… is only an indication of an idea perceived by the
   subject.
5. And as a result it will also be Decorative … since decorative painting is at once
   an art that is synthetic, symbolist, and ideative.

Question 15

—- (a period of
artistic or moral decline as seen in the preference for the artificial over the natural -
and by extension, the idea that even humanity was in decline).

Answer 15

decadence

Question 16

developed first in England and soon spread to the European continent,
where it was called Jugendstil in Germany, Sezessionstil in Austria, Stile Floreale
(Stile Liberty) in Italy, and Modernismo (Modernista) in Spain.

Answer 16

Art Nouveau

Question 17

The term ‘—-‘ was coined by a gallery in Paris that exhibited much of this
work.

Answer 17

Art Nouveau

Question 18

—- ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910
throughout Europe and the United States.

Answer 18

Art Nouveau,

Question 19

—- is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line and was
employed most often in architecture, interior design, jewelry and glass design,
posters, and illustration.

Answer 19

Art Nouveau

Question 20

The term —- stemmed from the name of the Parisian art gallery, called “La
Maison de l’Art Nouveau”, owned by the avant-garde art collector Siegfried Bing
(1838-1905), which showcased works created in the Art Nouveau style.

Answer 20

“Art Nouveau”

Question 21

The term —- stemmed from the name of the Parisian art gallery, called “—-“, owned by the avant-garde art collector Siegfried Bing
(1838-1905), which showcased works created in the Art Nouveau style.

Answer 21

La
Maison de l’Art Nouveau

Question 22

two greatest graphic artists of the Art
Nouveau movement were the —-

Answer 22

French
lithographer Jules Cheret and designer Alphonse Mucha

Question 23

—- is a style of painting that flourished in
France around the turn of the 20th century.

Answer 23

Fauvism

Question 24

—- used pure, brilliant color aggressively
applied straight from the paint tubes to create a
sense of an explosion on the canvas.

Answer 24

Fauve artists

Question 25

First formally exhibited in Paris in 1905, ----- shocked visitors to the annual Salon d'Automne; one of these visitors was the critic Louis Vauxcelles, who, because of the violence of their works, dubbed the painters fauves or "wild beasts."

Answer 25

Fauvist paintings

Question 26

The ---- include: a radical use of unnatural colors that separated color from its usual representational and realistic role, giving new, emotional meaning to the colors; creating a strong unified work that appears flat on the canvas; showing individual expressions and emotions of the painter instead of creating paintings based on theories of what painting should look like with objects represented as they appear in nature; and bold brush strokes using paint straight from the tube instead preparing and mixing it.

Answer 26

characteristics of Fauvism

Question 27

----- is an artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse within a person.

Answer 27

Expressionism

Question 28

In a broader sense ----- is one of the main currents of art in the later 19th and the 20th centuries, and its qualities of highly subjective, personal, spontaneous self-expression are typical of a wide range of modern artists and art movements.

Answer 28

Expressionism

Question 29

The term "-----" is thought to have been coined in 1910 by Czech art historian Antonin Matejcek, who intended it to denote the opposite of Impressionism.

Answer 29

Expressionism

Question 30

---- was a truly revolutionary style of modern art developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.

Answer 30

Cubism

Question 31

The ---- emphasized the flat, two- dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspectives, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro, and refuting time-honored theories that art should imitate nature.

Answer 31

Cubist style

Question 32

---- were not bound to copying form, texture, color and space; instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically.

Answer 32

Cubist paintersCubist painters

Question 33

The --- wanted to introduce the idea of ‘relativity ‘ – how the artist perceived and selected elements from the subject, fusing both their observations and memories into the once concentrated image.

Answer 33

Cubist

Question 34

A typical ---- depicts real people, places or objects, but not from a fixed viewpoint.

Answer 34

Cubist painting

Question 35

2 types of cubism

Answer 35

Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism

Question 36

----, an early 20th -century artistic movement centered in Italy, emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and power of the machine and the vitality, change, and restlessness of modern life.

Answer 36

Futurism

Question 37

The most significant results of the movement were in the visual arts and poetry.

Answer 37

Futurism

Question 38

--- coined the word Futurism to reflect his goal of discarding the art of the past and celebrating change, originality, and innovation in culture and society.

Answer 38

Marinette

Question 39

--- was an artistic and literary movement that began in Zurich, Switzerland.

Answer 39

Dadaism

Question 40

Influenced by other avant garde movements-Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, and Expressionism-its output was wildly diverse, ranging from performance art to poetry, photography, sculpture, painting, and collage.

Answer 40

Dadaism

Question 41

The movement dissipated with the establishment of Surrealism, but the ideas it gave rise to have become the cornerstones of various categories of modern and contemporary arts.

Answer 41

Dadaism

Question 42

Incision With The Dada Kitchen Knife Through Germany’s Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch’ 1920 (Collage)

Answer 42

Hannah Hoch (1889-1978 )’

Question 43

The --- started in Europe in the 1920’s.

Answer 43

surrealist movement

Question 44

--- was first the work of poets and writers.

Answer 44

Surrealism

Question 45

The French poet, ----, is known as the “Pope of Surrealism”.

Answer 45

Andre Breton

Question 46

---- is defined as Psychic automatism in its pure state by which we propose to express – verbally, in writing, or any other manner – the real process of thought.

Answer 46

Surrealism

Question 47

According to ----, “pure psychic automatism” was the most important principle of Surrealism. Believed that true surrealists had no real talent; they just spoke their thoughts as they happened.

Answer 47

Breton