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health assessment Test 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Nursing assessment requires the nurse to have the ability to interpret how the complex interactions of ____; ___; and____;, ____, and psychologic development affect an individual at a particular time.

A

heredity, environment, psychologic, cognitive

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2
Q

the goals of healthy people 2020 are:

A

to eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death; achieve health equity, create environments that promote good health; and promote healthy development and behaviors across the life span

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3
Q

____ and ____ are dynamic processes that describe how people change over time

A

growth and development

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4
Q

Define Growth

A

involves measurable physical change and increase in size

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5
Q

what are indicators of growth

A

height, weight, bone size and dentition

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6
Q

Define development

A

an orderly, progressive increase in the complexity of the total person

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7
Q

Development is continuous throughout the life cycle as the individual progresses through the following stages:

A

physiologic maturation, cognitive development, and personality development

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8
Q

Heredity is a determinant of physical characteristics such as:

A

stature, gender and race

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9
Q

Define Cephalocaudal

A

head to toe direction

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10
Q

Four commonly accepted principles define the orderly, sequential progression of growth and development in all individuals:

A
  1. growth and development proceed in a cephalocaudal direction.
  2. growth and development occur in a proximal to distal direction, or from the center of the body outward
  3. development proceeds from simple to complex or from the general to specific
  4. differentiated development begins with a generalized response and progresses to a skilled specific response
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11
Q

3 theories of development

A

cognitive theory, psychoanalytic theory, and psychosocial theory

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12
Q

define cognitive theory

A

explores how people learn to think, reason, and use language.

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13
Q

4 states Paiget theorized in cognitive theory

A
  1. sensorimotor 2. preoperational 3. concrete operations 4. formal operations
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14
Q

Object permanence is

A

the knowledge that objects continue to exist when not seen

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15
Q

which stage of paiget theory, in the cognitive theory, is object permanence and object recognition part of?

A

Stage 1 sensorimotor

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16
Q

In stage 2 of paiget theory of cognitive theory what is expected?

A

highly egocentric, the child is able to view the world only from an individual perspective

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17
Q

What paiget stage is : symbolic functioning is the ability to make one thing represent a different thing that is not present.

A

stage 3

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18
Q

what paige stage is stage 4?

A

the child uses rational thinking and deductive reasoning. thinking in abstract terms is possible

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19
Q

Freud believed that people are constantly adjusting to environmental changes, and that this adjustment creates conflict between ___ ___ and ___ ___.

A

outside forces and inner forces

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20
Q

what does freud mean by outside forces

A

environment

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21
Q

what does freud mean by inside forces

A

instinct

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22
Q

psychoanalytic theory defined

A

the structure of personality as consisting of three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego.

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23
Q

what is the id

A

personality at birth which is the source of instinctive and unconscious urges

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24
Q

what is the ego

A

the seat of consciousness and mediates between the inner instinctual desires of the id and outer world. eventually the ego takes over the id

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25
Q

The superego is defined

A

is the conscience of the personality, acting as a censor of thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

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26
Q

Freud has 5 stages of psychosexual development They are:

A
  1. oral phase, 2. anal phase, 3. phallic phase, 4. latency phase, 5. genital stage
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27
Q

Erikson believed that the ego is the ___ ___ of the personality

A

conscious core

28
Q

Erikson’s psychosocial theory states

A

culture and society influence development across the entire life span

29
Q

8 stages of erikson’s psychosocial theory are:

A
  1. trust vs. mistrust 2. autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3. initiative vs. guilt 4. industry vs. inferiority 5. identity vs. role diffusion 6. intimacy vs. isolation 7. generativity vs. stagnation 8. integrity vs. despair
30
Q

what is the age range of infant:

A

1 month of age to 1 year

31
Q

what is used to monitor infant growth:

A

height weight and head circumference

32
Q

infants gain weight at a rate of __ to __ oz weekly during the first 6 months

A

5 to 7

33
Q

Much of infant’s physical behavior is ___

A

reflexive

34
Q

infant automatisms means

A

reflexive

35
Q

ossification means

A

formation of bone

36
Q

The Denver II is used to

A

assess the development of infants and children up to 6 years of age

37
Q

what are the stages of infant stages of development?

A
  1. physiologic growth and development, 2. motor development 3. language development 4. cognitive development 5. psychosocial development
38
Q

Define Overnutrition in regards to infants:

A

rate of weight gain is accelerated

39
Q

Define undernutrition in regards to infants

A

rate of weight gain is diminished

40
Q

Hydrocephalus means

A

enlargement of the head caused by inadequate drainage of cerebrospinal fluid

41
Q

Do toddlers have boundaries?

A

No

42
Q

In toddlers the rate of growth decreases by what year

A

2

43
Q

young toddlers have ____ which means protruding abdomen

A

lordosis

44
Q

____and ___ motor skills continues at a rapid pace during the toddler ear

A

gross and fine

45
Q

What are the “mile markers” for toddlers

A
  1. fifteen months 2. eighteen months 3. two years 4. two and half years 5 three years
46
Q

what is the age of preschooler

A

3 to 5

47
Q

preschoolers tend to grow more in ____ than in ___

A

height than in weight

48
Q

the preschoolers brain reaches almost its adult size by age __

A

5

49
Q

when does school age children begin and end

A

after decidous teach are shed and puberty starts

50
Q

in school age children what grows the fastest

A

skeletal system

51
Q

Paiget calls school age children ___-

A

operational

52
Q

Freud believed that school age children are in a latency stage and is considered a time of ___

A

sexual quiet

53
Q

Define adolescents

A

the transition from childhood to adulthood

54
Q

3 phases of adolescents

A

early, middle, and late

55
Q

during puberty what happens in response to endocrine changes

A

period of maturation of the reproductive system, primary and secondary sexual characteristics

56
Q

according to paiget.. the adolescent forms ___ thinking

A

abstract

57
Q

definition of young adults

A

a new life on a chosen career path and in a lifestyle independent of parents

58
Q

Definition of middle aged adults

A

signals a half way point with a many years behind an individual as potentially ahead

59
Q

Both men and women experience a ___ in hormonal production.

A

decrease

60
Q

Define older adults

A

65 years or older with a decline in body functions

61
Q

5 factors that influence growth and development

A
  1. nutrition 2. family 3. culture 4. race and 5. socioeconomic status
62
Q

what is the body made up of

A

water, fat, protein, and minerals

63
Q

Define Family

A

social system made up of two or more individuals living together who are related by blood marriage or agreement

64
Q

6 types of familys

A

nuclear families, extended families, same-sex families, single-parent families, step families, or single-state families

65
Q

what two things are influenced by cultural factors

A

growth and developement

66
Q

socioeconomic status is a major influence on ____ and ____

A

growth and development

health assessment Test 1 (10 decks)

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