Chapter 3

Question 1

patient-focused care (PFC)

Answer 1

Represents a national movement to recapture the respect and good will of the American public

Question 2

vital signs

Answer 2

Refers to observable and measurable signs of life

Question 3

pulse

Answer 3

An easy and effective way to measure heart rate; recorded as beats per minute

Question 4

nasal cannula

Answer 4

Device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils

Question 5

bradycardia

Answer 5

Heart rate of less than 60 bpm arising from disease in the heart’s electrical conduction system

Question 6

oximetry

Answer 6

Convenient, noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood

Question 7

respiration

Answer 7

Process of inhaling and exhaling

Question 8

dyspnea

Answer 8

Shortness of breath or feeling of not getting enough air

Question 9

apnea

Answer 9

Spontaneous breathing that stops for any reason; it may be temporary starting and stopping at intervals, or prolonged

Question 10

ostomy

Answer 10

Surgical procedure to create an opening to allow passage of contents of the urinary bladder or bowel through the abdominal wall

Question 11

isolated systolic hypertension

Answer 11

Exist when systolic pressure is above 140mmHg, while diastolic pressure remains below 90mmHg

Question 12

pulse pressure

Answer 12

Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures

Question 13

intravenous (IV) therapy

Answer 13

The practice of giving liquid substances directly into a vein

Question 14

body mechanics

Answer 14

Refer to using the correct muscle to complete a task safely

Question 15

standard precautions

Answer 15

Basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risk of infection spread through these transmission modes: airborne infection,droplet infection, and contact infection

Question 16

nosocomial infection

Answer 16

Hospital-acquired infection

Question 17

What is the most important facet of being a sonographer?

Answer 17

That the patient is the primary focus of our effort

Question 18

Despite your personal or philosophical concerns, you must be considerate of the patient’s _____, _____, _____, and _____>

Answer 18

age, cultural traditions, personal values, and lifestyle

Question 19

Example of vital signs include _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 19

pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, body temperature

Question 20

Strenuous exercise, coronary artery disease, and electrolyte imbalance in the blood can cause _____.

Answer 20

arrhythmia s

Question 21

When pulse is taken, which artery is usually palpated?

Answer 21

radial

Question 22

A normal pulse oximetry reading for aperson breathing room air is?

Answer 22

in the high 90s (95% or more)

Question 23

As blood travels away from the heart, the pressure of the circulation blood _____, spreading through arteries and capillaries and back toward the heart through the veins.

Answer 23

decreases

Question 24

The primary function of respiration is to obtain oxygen for the use by the body’s cells and to eliminate the cell’s production of _____.

Answer 24

carbon dioxide

Question 25

In measuring blood pressure, the higher number is the ____ pressure which occurs when the ventricles contract to pump blood to the body; the lower number is the ____ pressure, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filling with blood.

Answer 25

systolic, diastolic

Question 26

Normal respiration occurs at a rate of 15 to ___ breaths per minute

Answer 26

20

Question 27

Describe the finding when a patient has an infiltrated IV tubing

Answer 27

If the needle is accidenrally dislodged, the IV fluid may enter the surrounding tissue rather than the vein. The patient may complain of discomfort, and you may observe swelling (edema) of the tissue around the injection site. Clamp off the flow, and notify the nursing staff for instructions and to determine if you should continue the study.

Question 28

What is the purpose of an NG tube?

Answer 28

NG or nasogastric tube is placed through the mouth and esophagus into the stomach to drain the gastric contents.

Question 29

When catheterized patients are transferred from wheel chair or stretcher to the scanning table, in what position should the collecting bag be placed?

Answer 29

The bag should be placed low enough to permit adequate draining of the bladder.

Question 30

What should be used to clean the transducer?

Answer 30

After seeing each patient, thoroughly clean the transducer with the steriseptic cleaner

Question 31

Lifting should be done using the ____ muscles, by lifting straight upward in one smooth motion.

Answer 31

leg

Question 32

The most important weapon against the spread of infection is proper _____.

Answer 32

Hand washing

Question 33

You should wash your hand whenever you come in contact with these five substances:

Answer 33

1. blood 2. all body fluids (secretions, excretions, and contaminated items. 3. broken skin 4. mucous membranes (nose, mouth, eyelid) 5.dried blood or dried bloody fluid

Question 34

Is it acceptable to not wash your hand if gloves were used?

Answer 34

No wash your hands after touching blood fluids, or contaminated items-weather or not gloves are use or not

Question 35

When should a mask be worn?

Answer 35

Wear a mask,eye protection, and face shield whenever performing procedures likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions

Question 36

Name 4 airborne diseases

Answer 36

Disease spread by airborne transmission include tuberculosis, measles, chicken pox, shingles

Question 37

Name six droplet diseases

Answer 37

Mumps, measles (rubella), whooping cough(pertussis), pneumonia, meningitis (specific forms), strep throat

Question 38

Name one of the most serious of the contact diseases

Answer 38

MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria that lives on the skin and nasal passages of a third of the worlds population and are resistant to certain broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 39

List three rights that patients have in the medical setting

Answer 39

- be treated with respect - make treatment choices - refuse treatment - obtain there medical records - privacy of their medical records - informed consent - make decisions about end of life care

Question 40

List three responsibilities that the patient has

Answer 40

-maintain healthy habits -be respectful to healthcare providers -be honest with healthcare providers -comply with treatment -prepare for emergencies -

Question 41

What is HIPPA?

Answer 41

Health portaibility and accountability act of 1996 Privacy, Security, and administrative simplification

Question 42

What does HIPPA mean for sonographer?

Answer 42

-Putting patients information away after hours -Taking files out of sight of any lingering staff -Conversations are not over heard by other patients -