chapter 3

Question 1

Alkali Metal

Answer 1

An element in Group 1A, except for hydrogen, that is a soft, shiny metal with one electron in its outermost energy level

Question 2

Alkaline earth metal

Answer 2

An element in Group 2A that has two elections in its outermost energy level

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of the element

Question 4

Atomic Mass

Answer 4

The weighted average mass of a ll the naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Question 5

Atomic mass unit

Answer 5

A small mass unit used to describe the mass of extremely small particles such as atoms and subatomic particles, 1 amu is equal to one-twelfth the mass of a 12/6C atom

Question 6

Atomic Number

Answer 6

A number that is equal to the number of protons in an atom

Question 7

Atomic symbol

Answer 7

An abbreviation used to to indicate the mass number and atomic number of an isotope

Question 8

Chemical Symbol

Answer 8

An abbreviation used that represents the name of an element

Question 9

d block

Answer 9

the block of ten elements from Groups 3b to 2b in which electrons fill the five d orbitals in the d sublevels

Question 10

electron

Answer 10

a negatively charged subatomic particle having a minute mass that is usually ignored in mass calculations; its symbol is e

Question 11

electron configuration

Answer 11

A list of the number of electrons in each sub level within an atom, arranged by increasing energy

Question 12

electron dot symbol

Answer 12

the representation of an atom that shows valence electrons as dots around the symbol of the element

Question 13

energy level

Answer 13

a group of electrons with similar energy

Question 14

f block

Answer 14

the block of 14 elements in the row at the bottom of the periodic table in which electrons fill the seven f orbitals in the 4f and 5f sublevels

Question 15

group

Answer 15

a vertical column in the periodic table that contains elements having similar physical and chemical properties

Question 16

group number

Answer 16

a number that appears at the top of each vertical column in the periodic table and indicates the number of electrons in the outermost energy level

Question 17

halogen

Answer 17

an element in group 7A- fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine- has seven electrons in its outermost energy level

Question 18

ionization energy

Answer 18

the energy needed to remove the least tightly bound electron from the outermost energy level of an atom

Question 19

iostope

Answer 19

an atom that differs only in mass number from another atom of the same element. isotopes have the same atomic number (protons) but different number of neutrons

Question 20

mass number

Answer 20

total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus of an atom

Question 21

metal

Answer 21

an element that is shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity. the metals are located in the left or the heavy zigzag line of the periodic table

Question 22

Metallic Character

Answer 22

A measure of how easily an element loses a valance electron

Question 23

Metalloid

Answer 23

Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals located along the heavy zigzag line on the periodic table

Question 24

neutron

Answer 24

a neutral subatomic particle having a mass of about 1 amu and found in the nucleus of an atom; its symbol is n

Question 25

noble gas

Answer 25

an element in group 8A (18) of the periodic table, generally unreactive and seldom found in combination with other elements, that has eight electrons (helium has two electrons) in its outermost energy level

Question 26

nonmetal

Answer 26

an element with little or no luster that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. The nonmetals are located on the right of the heavy zigzag line on the periodic table

Question 27

nucleus

Answer 27

the compact, extremely dense center of an atom, containing the protons an neutrons of the atom

Question 28

orbital

Answer 28

the region around the nucleus where electrons of a certain energy are more likely to be found. the s orbitals are spherical; the p orbitals have two lobes

Question 29

orbital diagram

Answer 29

A diagram that shows the distribution of electrons in the orbitals of the energy level

Question 30

p block

Answer 30

the element in Group 3A (13) to 8A (18) in which electrons fill the p orbitals in the p sublevels

Question 31

period

Answer 31

a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Question 32

periodic table

Answer 32

an arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number such that elements having similar chemical behavior are grouped in vertical columns

Question 33

proton

Answer 33

a positively charged subatomic particle having a mass of about 1 amu and found in the nucleus of an atom; its symbol is p

Question 34

representative elements

Answer 34

an element in the first two columns not he left of the periodic table and the last six columns on the right that has a group number of 1A through 8A or 1,2 and 13 through 18

Question 35

s blocks

Answer 35

the elements in groups 1A and 2A in which electrons fill the s orbitals

Question 36

subatomic particle

Answer 36

a particle within an atom; protons, neutrons, and electrons are subatomic particles

Question 37

Sublevel

Answer 37

A group of orbitals of equal energy within principles energy levels. The numbers of sub levels in each energy level is the same as the principle quantum number (n)

Question 38

transition element

Answer 38

an element in the center of the periodic table that is designated with the letter “B” or the group number of 3 through 12

Question 39

valence electrons

Answer 39

electrons in the highest energy level of an atom