Chapter 3

Question 1

anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture

Answer 1

symbol

Question 2

a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another

Answer 2

language

Question 3

the process by which one generation passes culture to the next

Answer 3

cultural transmission

Question 4

the idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language

Answer 4

Sapir-Whorf thesis

Question 5

culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living

Answer 5

values

Question 6

specific thoughts or ideas that people hold to be true

Answer 6

beliefs

Question 7

rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members

Answer 7

norms

Question 8

norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance

Answer 8

mores

Question 9

norms for routing or casual interaction

Answer 9

folkways

Question 10

attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behavior

Answer 10

social control

Question 11

cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite

Answer 11

high culture

Question 12

cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population

Answer 12

popular culture

Question 13

cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society’s population

Answer 13

subculture

Question 14

a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions

Answer 14

multiculturalism

Question 15

the dominance of European (especially English) patterns

Answer 15

Eurocentrism

Question 16

cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society

Answer 16

counterculture

Question 17

the close relationships among various elements of a cultural system

Answer 17

cultural integration

Question 18

the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system

Answer 18

cultural lag

Question 19

the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture

Answer 19

ethnocentrism

Question 20

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Answer 20

cultural relativism

Question 21

knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings

Answer 21

technology

Question 22

emphasizing and promoting African cultural patterns

Answer 22

Afrocentrism