CHAPTER 3

Question 1

Kinesiology

Answer 1

The study of mechanics of human movement and specifically evaluates muscles, joints, and skeletal structures and their involvement in movement

Question 2

What are the 3 fields of science kinesiology is based on

Answer 2

Biomechanics
Musculoskeletal anatomy
Neuromuscular physiology

Question 3

Anatomical position

Answer 3

The universally accepted reference position used to describe regions and spatial relationships of the human body and to refer to body positions ( Ex: joint motions)

Question 4

Sagittal plane

Answer 4

Divides the body or structure into the right and left sides

Question 5

Frontal plane (Coronal plane)

Answer 5

Divides the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Question 6

Transverse plane (Cross-sectional, axial, or horizontal plane)

Answer 6

Divides the body or structure into superior and inferior portions

Question 7

Center of gravity

Answer 7

A theoretical point where the weight force of the object can be considered to act

Question 8

Line of gravity

Answer 8

An imaginary vertical line passing through the center of gravity and is typically assessed while the subject is standing

Question 9

Anterior

Answer 9

Front of the body; ventral

Question 10

Posterior

Answer 10

Back of the body; dorsal

Question 11

Superficial

Answer 11

Located close to or on the body surface

Question 12

Deep

Answer 12

Below the surface

Question 13

Proximal

Answer 13

Closer to any reference point

Question 14

Distal

Answer 14

Farther from any reference point

Question 15

Superior

Answer 15

Toward the head; higher (cephalic)

Question 16

Inferior

Answer 16

Away from the head; lower (caudal)

Question 17

Medial

Answer 17

Toward the midline of the body

Question 18

Lateral

Answer 18

Away from the midline of the body; to the side

Question 19

Ipsilateral

Answer 19

On the same side

Question 20

Contralateral

Answer 20

On the opposite side

Question 21

Unilateral

Answer 21

One side

Question 22

Bilateral

Answer 22

Both sides

Question 23

Prone

Answer 23

Lying face down

Question 24

Supine

Answer 24

Lying face up

Question 25

Valgus

Answer 25

Distal segment of a joint deviates laterally

Question 26

Varus

Answer 26

Distal segment of the joint deviates medially

Question 27

Arm

Answer 27

Region from the shoulder to elbow

Question 28

Forearm

Answer 28

Region from the elbow to wrist

Question 29

Thigh

Answer 29

Region from the hip to knee

Question 30

Leg

Answer 30

Region from the knee to ankle

Question 31

Biomechanics

Answer 31

The study of the motion and causes of motion of living things, using a branch of physics known as mechanics

Question 32

Joint movement

Answer 32

Described by its spatial movement pattern in relation to the body, typically in terms of anatomical position

Question 33

Flexion

Answer 33

Movement resulting in a decrease of the joint angle, usually moving anteriorly in the sagittal plane

Question 34

Extension

Answer 34

Movement resulting in an increase of the joint angle, usually moving posteriorly in the sagittal plane

Question 35

Abduction

Answer 35

Movement away from the midline of the body, usually in the frontal plane

Question 36

Adduction

Answer 36

Movement toward the midline of the body, usually in the frontal plane

Question 37

Horizontal abduction

Answer 37

Movement away from the midline of the body in the transverse plane

Question 38

Horizontal adduction

Answer 38

Movement toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane

Question 39

Internal (medial) rotation

Answer 39

Rotation in the transverse plane toward the midline of the body

Question 40

External (lateral) rotation

Answer 40

Rotation in the transverse plane away from the midline of the body

Question 41

Lateral flexion

Answer 41

Movement away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane

Question 42

Rotation

Answer 42

Right or left rotation in the transverse plane

Question 43

Elevation

Answer 43

Movement of the scapula superiorly in the frontal plane

Question 44

Depression

Answer 44

Movement of the scapula inferiorly in the frontal plane

Question 45

Retraction

Answer 45

Movement of the scapula toward the spine in the frontal plane

Question 46

Protraction

Answer 46

Movement of the scapula away from the spine in the frontal plane

Question 47

Upward rotation

Answer 47

Superior and lateral movement of the inferior angle of the scapula in the frontal plane

Question 48

Downward rotation

Answer 48

Inferior and medial movement of the inferior angle of the scapula in the frontal plane

Question 49

Circumduction

Answer 49

A compound circular movement involving flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, circumscribing a cone shape

Question 50

Radial deviation

Answer 50

Abduction of the wrist in the frontal plane

Question 51

Ulnar deviation

Answer 51

Adduction of the wrist in the frontal plane

Question 52

Opposition

Answer 52

Diagonal movement of thumb across the palmer surface of the hand to make contact with the 5th digit

Question 53

Eversion

Answer 53

Abducting the ankle

Question 54

Inversion

Answer 54

Adducting the ankle

Question 55

Dorsiflexion

Answer 55

Flexing the ankle so that the foot moves anteriorly in the sagittal plane

Question 56

Plantarflexion

Answer 56

Extending the ankle so that the foot moves posteriorly in the sagittal plane

Question 57

Pronation

Answer 57

Combined movements of abduction and eversion resulting in lowering of the medial margin of the foot

Question 58

Supination

Answer 58

Combined movements of adduction and inversion resulting in raising of the medial margin of the foot