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Han 312 > Chapter 3-4 > Flashcards

Chapter 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count (blood component)
- red blood cell (erythrocytes)
- white blood cell (leukocytes)
- platelets (thrombocyte)

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2
Q

BMP/CMP

A

Basic/Complete Metabolic Panel (liver and kidney function)
- electrolytes (Na, K, Ca)
- kidney enzymes & function
- liver enzymes & function

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3
Q

Urine Tests

A

Urine Analysis
- pH
- specific gravity
- Bilirubin
- glucose
- ketones
- proteins
- blood
- bacteria
- nitrite (bacterial infection)
- leukocytes

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4
Q

Urine culture

A

Used to figure the type of bacteria to make the most effective treatment for

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5
Q

X-ray

A
  • 2D of bones and cartilage
  • No ligaments, tendons, muscles, organs
  • commonly for limbs, chests, abdominal
  • position body and body parts
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6
Q

Radi/o

A

x-ray

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7
Q

radiolucent

A

to shine through (dark)

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8
Q

radiopaque

A

to absorb (light)

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9
Q

Ultrasound/sonography

A
  • produced by sound waves and vibrations
  • ex: echocardiogram, pelvic ultrasound, transvaginal ultrasound
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10
Q

son/o

A

sound

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11
Q

echo-

A

a repeated sound

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12
Q

ultra-

A

beyond

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13
Q

CT Scan

A

computed tomography scan
- x-ray that gives cross sectional images in specific areas
- 3D that is made up of 2D images put together
- ex: brain, neck, spine, chest, limbs
- can inject contrast materials (radiopaque material to show contrast with surrounding tissues)

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14
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- use magnetic field and radio waves
- detailed image of soft tissues

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15
Q

Nuclear Medicine Scans

A
  • use radioactive substances
    Ex: bone scan, thyroid scan, thallium (TI) scan
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16
Q

PET & PET/CT scan

A

Positron Emission Tomography
- small amounts of radioactive substances
- cell that has a higher metabolic rate –> highlighted (tumor)

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17
Q

Gastrointestinal Tract/ alimentary canal

A

digestive system
- composed of accessory glands and organ

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18
Q

Ingestion

A

food taken into the mouth

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19
Q

Digestion

A

complex nutrients broken down to simpler form (mechanically or chemically)

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20
Q

Protease

A

breaks down protein to animo acid

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21
Q

amylase

A

breaks down carbohydrates into glucose

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22
Q

Lipase

A

breaks down fat to fatty acids or triglycerides

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23
Q

absorption

A

digested food moves into bloodstream, throughout the body and provides energy for the cell

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24
Q

elimination

A

remove waste that can’t be absorbed

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25
defecation
removal of waste through anus
26
lapar/o
abdomen
27
celi/o
abdomen/belly
28
-prandial
meal
29
-orexia
appetite
30
-phagia
eating/swallowing
31
-pepsia
digestion
32
-chezia
defecation, elimination of wastes
33
salivary glands
saliva - lubricate the mouth and food salivary amylase: breaks down carbohydrates
34
Parotid gland
within the cheek, anterior to the ear
35
submandibular gland (sub- mandibul/o -ar)
below the mandible
36
sublingual gland (sub- lingu/o -al)
below the tongue
37
Palates
separate oral and nasal cavity
38
uvula
aids in production of sounds an speech
39
tongue
assist in chewing, swallowing and speaking
40
teeth
masticate
41
mastication
act of chewing
42
saliva
contains amylase and produced by salivary gland
43
bolus
moistened food still in the mouth
44
chyme
partially digested food
45
bucc/o
cheeks
46
cheil/o, labi/o
palate (hard and soft)
47
uvul/o
uvula
48
gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
49
tonsill/o
tonsils
50
gingiv/o
gums
51
dent/i, odont/o
teeth
52
faci/o
face
53
mandibul/o
mandible, lower jaw
54
or/o, stomat/o
mouth
55
sialaden/o
salivary gland
56
sial/o
saliva, salivary
57
pharynx
throat - food ingested from oral cavity to the esophagus - air traveling from the oral cavity to the esophagus
58
esophagus
extending from the pharynx to the stomach - uses peristalsis - connects to stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
59
Deglutition
food moves into the esophagus - bolus --> closed larynx and trachea through movement of epiglottis --> esophagus --> epiglottis opens again
60
pharyng/o
throat
61
esophag/o
esophagus
62
cardia /LES
connection to stomach from esophagus
63
fundus
superior domed portion of the stomach
64
body
between fundus and pylorus
65
greater curvature
bigger curve on bottom of stomach
66
lesser curvature
smaller curve on top of stomach
67
antrum
after the body
68
pylorus
distal region that connects to the duodenum
69
pyloric sphincter
ring of muscle that controls the chyme from entering the small intestine
70
rugae
folds in the mucous membrane lining in the stomach
71
gastr/o
stomach
72
pylor/o
pylorus, pyloric sphincter
73
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
74
peritone/o
peritoneum
75
small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, Ileum
76
duodenum
receives mixture of biles and lined with villi, major site of digestion
77
villi
absorb digested nutrients via blood and lymph vessels into bloodstream
78
enter/o
intestines (usually small)
79
duoden/o
duodenum
80
jejun/o
jejunum
81
ile/o
ileum
82
large intestine
cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
83
feces
solid waste product
84
rectum
extension that holds solid waste
85
anus
exit from large intestine to the outside of the body
86
col/o, colon/o
colon
87
cec/o
cecum
88
append/o, appendic/o
appendix
89
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
90
proct/o, rect/o
rectum
91
proct/o, an/o
anus
92
-chezia
defecation/elimination of wastes
93
accessory organs
liver, gallbladder, pancreas, ducts
94
ducts
hepatic duct cystic duct common bile duct pancreatic duct
95
hepatic duct
liver to duodenum
96
cystic duct
gall connect pancreas to duodenum
97
common bile duct
right and left hepatic duct combine
98
pancreatic duct
pancreas to the duodenum
99
liver
- produces and secretes bile to store in the gallbladder -help maintain normal blood glucose level - manufacture blood proteins (albumin), and those necessary for blood clotting - release conjugated bilirubin
100
bile
composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts - undergoes emulsification
101
emulisification
physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller fat globules (mechanical)
102
bilirubin
produced by hemolysis and becomes conjugated in the liver, acts as bile pigment - give stool its color
103
Bile duct
bile released by liver --> hepatic duct --> cystic duct (gallbladder for storage) --> common bile duct, duodenum
104
pancreas
exocrine - produce digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease) - though pancreatic duct --> common bile duct --> duo endocrine function - secretes insulin and bring glucose into the cell
105
insulin
bring glucose into cell and stimulates glycogen formation in the liver
106
glycogen
glucose was stored in form of glycogen
107
hepat/o
liver
108
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
109
pancreat/o
pancreas
110
cholangi/o
bile duct
111
choledoch/o
common bile duct
112
amyl/o
starch
113
bil/i, chol/e
gall, bile
114
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
115
gluc/o, glyc/o
glucose
116
glycogen/o
glycogen
117
lip/o, steat/o
fat
118
prote/o
protein
119
-ase
enzyme
120
lith/o
stone
121
herni/o
hernia
122
py/o
pus
123
carcin/o
cancer
124
cirrh/o
orange-yellow
125
steato-
fat
126
-iasis
abnormal condition
127
-pathy
disease
128
-algia, -dynia
pain
129
-itits
inflammation
130
-ectasis,-ectasia
dilation, widdening
131
-tresia
opening
132
-rrhea
discharge, flow
133
-rrhage, -rrhagia
bursting flow (of blood)
134
-ptysis
spitting
135
-ptosis
droop, sag, prolapse, fall
136
-chalasia
relaxationh
137
-cele
hernia
138
-stenosis
narrowing, tightening
139
-emesis
vomiting
140
-spasm
involuntary muscle contractions
141
-stasis
stopping, controlling
142
-lysis
breakdown, separation, destruction, loosening
143
anorexia
lack of appetite
144
eructation
burp, getting gas out of mouth
145
borborygmi
rumbling or gurgling noise produced by movement of gas, fluid, or both in GI tract
146
flatus
fart, gas by anus
147
steatorrhea
fat in the feces, foul-smelling fecal matter
148
hematochezia
blood in stool (bright)
149
melena
black stool (upper GI)
150
occult
hidden
151
-plasty
surgical repair
152
-rrhaphy
suture
153
-centesis
puncture
154
-ectomy
removal, excision
155
Blood tests
Liver function tests (LFTS) amylase and lipase
156
stool tests
stool guaiac or hemoccult test
157
anastomosis
surgical connect between two holes
158
protoscopy
visual examination of rectum and anus via the rectal route
159
laparoscopy
visual examination with abdominal region
160
paracentesis
remove fluid from abdomen
161
nasogastric
tube through nose to stomach for feeding, suction
162
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
feeding by intravenous injection or other non-gastrointestinal route

Han 312 (4 decks)

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