Chapter 3, 4, 6

Question 1

Subject

Answer 1

the noun or pronoun that is doing the acting or being in a sentence

• Asks WHO? or WHAT? before the verb
• phrases & clauses can be the subject/object

Question 2

Predicate Nominative

Answer 2

a noun or its substitute that follows a linking verb and restates the subject

ex. That is she. (is = linking verb)

__became a problem… (became is the linking verb)

Question 3

Subject of an Infinitive

Answer 3

a noun that comes between the verb and its infinitive

if the subject of an infinitive is a pronoun, it takes the same form it would if it were an object

ex. The police took (v) her to (infinitive) be a modern Dillinger.

Question 4

Direct Object

Answer 4

the direct receiver of an action ask WHOM? WHAT? after the verb

Question 5

Predicate Objective

Answer 5

follows a direct object and restates it

ex. The American public elected him (direct object) president (restates).

Question 6

Indirect Object

Answer 6

the person or thing to whom or which, or for whom or for which, an action is done.
Put TO or FOR in front.

Question 7

Object of a Preposition

Answer 7

a noun or its substitute following a preposition

ex. In (preposition) the movie (object), apes rule the planet.

Question 8

Object of a Participle

Answer 8

a noun or its substitute following a participle

ex. A man was spotted carrying (participle) a gun (object).

Question 9

Object of a Gerund

Answer 9

a noun or its substitute following a gerund

ex. Playing (gerund) poker (object) with them left him poorer.

Question 10

Object of an Infinitive

Answer 10

answers WHAT? WHOM? and WHERE? after an infinitive

ex. The police want him TO ANSWER (infinitive) some questions (object).

Question 11

First Person Pronouns

Answer 11

-I
-We
When I am speaking for myself or my group.

Question 12

Second Person Pronouns

Answer 12

-You
-You
for when a person or group is being spoken to

Question 13

Third Person Pronouns

Answer 13

-he
-she
-it
-one
-they
for when a person, thing, or group is being spoken about

Question 14

Pronoun Case: Nominative Case

Answer 14

used when the pronoun is the subject, predicate nominative, or noun of direct address

-I, you, he, she, it, we, they, one, who

Question 15

Pronoun Case: Objective Case

Answer 15

used when the pronoun is the direct object; the indirect object; the object of a preposition, participle, gerund, or infinitive; or the subject of an infinitive

-me, you, him, her, it, us, them, one, whom

Question 16

Pronoun Cases: Possessive Case

Answer 16

used to show possession or attribute

-my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs, one’s, whose

Question 17

Relative Pronouns

Answer 17

pronouns that introduce a dependent clause closely connected w/the antecedent, or noun it refers

who, whom, whomever, whoever, whose, which, that, what

Question 18

Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns

Answer 18

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Question 19

Reflexive Pronouns

Answer 19

used when something acts on itself

ex. I hurt myself.

Question 20

Intensive Pronouns

Answer 20

when drawing attention to the noun or pronoun it refers

ex. I, myself, will do it.

Question 21

Verbal Nouns

Answer 21

a noun made from a verb

-gerunds & infinitives

Question 22

Predicate

Answer 22

a verb used as a part of a sentence

maybe a simple or a complex w/verb and associated words like modifiers, objects, or complements

Question 23

Verb

Answer 23

expresses action or state of being & tells what a noun or its substitute is doing or being

Question 24

Helping Verbs

Answer 24

used to make some verb forms like:

• simple future tense
• perfect tense
• progressive tense
• conditional mood

Question 25

Modal Verbs

Answer 25

verbs that help show mood | ex. can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must

Question 26

Semimodal Verbs

Answer 26

words or phrases that act like modals but like main verbs in other ways ex. be able to, dare to, have to, have got to, like to, need to, ought to, used to, want to

Question 27

Transitive Verbs

Answer 27

have a direct object (a receiver of the action) that tells to WHAT or TO WHOM an action was done ex. The legislature PASSED the bill.

Question 28

Intransitive Verbs

Answer 28

does not take the direct object two kinds: - linking verbs - complete verbs

Question 29

Linking Verbs (Copulative)

Answer 29

takes a predicate complement: - a predicate nominative - a predicate adjective - an = sign indicating equation between the subject and predicate complement - a predicate adjective may be modified by an adverb

Question 30

Predicate Nominative

Answer 30

noun or pronoun follows the linking verb

Question 31

Predicate Adjective

Answer 31

adjective following the linking verb may be modified by an adverb

Question 32

Complete Verbs

Answer 32

takes neither a direct object nor a predicate complement ex. The woman HESITATED.

Question 33

Verb Tenses

Answer 33

refers mainly to time: when the action or state of being that the verb represents takes place 3 Time Frames: -past, present, future 6 Basic Verb Tenses: past perfect, past, present perfect, present future perfect, future 6 Additional Progressive Verb Tenses

Question 34

Simple Tenses

Answer 34

a broad time frame that consists of past, present, and future tenses - identify a specific point of time - includes: ago, at, at that time, in, last, on, then, when

Question 35

Perfect Tenses

Answer 35

completed events taking place previous to other events in the same general block of time - something took place before another event in the past - something in the present started & finished before right now - something will already have taken place when another event in the future takes place

Question 36

Progressive Tenses

Answer 36

Two forms: - one responds to simple tense - the other responds to the perfect used to form to be/ helping verbs and main verbs stresses the ongoing nature of an activity of limited duration, can be complicated

Question 37

Regular Verbs

Answer 37

distinguishes the past from the present by adding ed/t or sometimes y becomes and I before ending

Question 38

Irregular Verbs

Answer 38

distinguish the past from the present by changing the middle of the verb by having different past-participle form (for use w/perfect) from the simple-past form or by not changing from present to past to past participle at all

Question 39

Sequence of Tenses

Answer 39

the time order of the forms from furthest in the past to the furthest in the future 1. Past Perfect 2. Past 3. Present Perfect 4. Present 5. Future Perfect 6. Future

Question 40

Past Perfect

Answer 40

events that occurred before those described in the past tense and are now concluded ex. after, before, by, by the time, until, when

Question 41

Past-Perfect Progressive

Answer 41

for actions continuing from on point in the past to another one closer to the present before concluding ex. The killing in Bosnia HAD BEEN GOING unchecked until NATO intervened.

Question 42

Past

Answer 42

for events that occurred in the past and are now concluded ex. Answering Q: "How Long Ago?" - also to express a time element in/on verb ex. He first explained (verb) the signs of Parkinson's disease in (time element) 2011.

Question 43

Present for Past

Answer 43

used by journalists to express the past in a headline ex. Governor SIGNS Death Penalty into law. Conversationally Expresses Past: ex. "So, then I SAY to him..."

Question 44

Past Progressive

Answer 44

used for something that was happening in the past but has since ended ex. The band WAS PLAYING to packed stadiums in 2007.

Question 45

Present Perfect

Answer 45

for events that started in the past and have continued into the present or have a connection with the present ex. already, ever, for, never, not, yet, since - Have ever wondered

Question 46

Present-Perfect Progressive

Answer 46

for actions that begin in the past and are still continuing in the present ex. for, since The Seattle Sounders HAVE BEEN PLAYING well SINCE opening day.

Question 47

Present

Answer 47

used for something that happens now ex. Her book SITS on the table.

Question 48

Present Progressive

Answer 48

used in place of the simple present for many situations in which something is happening right now ex. The president IS MEETING with his advisors.

Question 49

Present for Future

Answer 49

use of the simple present with an adverb of time to convey future ex. She LEAVES TOMORROW.

Question 50

Future Perfect

Answer 50

events that will have been completed in the future before something else happens -by, by the time, when ex. BY THE TIME you read this column, the world series WILL HAVE BEEN DECIDED.

Question 51

Future-Perfect Progressive

Answer 51

for actions continuing from now into the future when the focus is on what will have been happening to that point. Projects into the future and looks back. ex. This Monday, Tom WILL HAVE BEEN COACHING 30 years at Central.

Question 52

Future

Answer 52

events that will definitely occur in the future ex. I WILL DECIDE what college I will attend on Saturday.

Question 53

Future Progressive

Answer 53

for events continuing in the future with no end in sight ex. A hundred years from now, parents WILL STILL BE SHAKING their heads at their teens' taste in music.

Question 54

Active Voice

Answer 54

stresses the doer of an action by making the doer the subject ex. 1. The printer publishes the magazine. 2. The printer published the magazine. -form of to have

Question 55

Passive Voice

Answer 55

stresses the receiver of an action by making the receiver the subject of a sentence and having the subject acted upon. - by/for implied and expressed - contains to be + past participle of main ex. 1. The magazine IS PUBLISHED BY THE printer. 2. The magazine WAS PUBLISHED BY THE printer.

Question 56

Verb Mood

Answer 56

how the speaker or writer regards the statement being made 4 Moods: 1. Indicative 2. Imperative 3. Conditional 4. Subjunctive

Question 57

Indicative Mood

Answer 57

the sentence in which the verb that appears either states a fact or asks a question about a fact

Question 58

Imperative Mood

Answer 58

the sentence makes a command, issues instructions or entreats only one verb tense--> present does not include the subject, but implies it ex. ADD 1 cup of flour. Please BE CAREFUL as you pour in the boiling water.

Question 59

Conditional Mood

Answer 59

expresses a condition | may use modal verbs (must) and semimodal verbs can/could, may/might, shall/should, will/would

Question 60

Subjunctive Mood

Answer 60

used to talk about any condition contrary to fact, or to express a wish, doubt, prayer, desire, request, hypothetical situation or hope "were" ex. If I WERE you, I'd quit. ex. The hijackers demanded that 17 terrorists BE set free.

Question 61

Verbals

Answer 61

a form of a verb is used as a part of speech other than a verb. a verb form used as something other than a verb. 3 Kinds: 1. Gerund 2. Participle 3. Infinitive

Question 62

Gerund

Answer 62

the present- or past-participle form of a verb used as a NOUN. VERB + ING often serves as subject and takes a possessive case

Question 63

Participle

Answer 63

the present-or past-participle form of a verb used as an ADJECTIVE VERB +ING/+ED/+T/+NT/+EN/+N modifies the intended noun

Question 64

Infinitive

Answer 64

the form of a verb that normally has "TO" in front of it, although, sometimes "TO" may be omitted functions as a NOUN, ADJECTIVE, ADVERB

Question 65

Modifiers

Answer 65

words that describe or limit subjects, objects or verbs | they provide details

Question 66

Connecting Words

Answer 66

joins together parts of sentences

Question 67

Modifiers: Adjectives

Answer 67

modifies a noun by telling: how many, what kind, which, or whose

Question 68

Modifiers: Adverbs

Answer 68

modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb by telling: how, when, where, to what degree, to what extent, or how much