Chapter 3:

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

A group of individual of a particular species in a certain area

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

Consists of genetic change in organisms across generation

Question 3

Natural selection

Answer 3

The process by which inherited characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations, altering the genetic makeup of population through time

Question 4

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace

Answer 4

In 1858, both proposed the concept of natural selection

Question 5

Adaptive trait or adaptation

Answer 5

A trait or characteristics that promotes success

Question 6

Mutations

Answer 6

Accidental changes in DNA that can give rise to genetic variation among individuals

Question 7

Artificial selection

Answer 7

The process the of selection under human direction

Question 8

Biodiversity or biological diversity

Answer 8

The variety of life across all levels of biological organization

Question 9

Speciation

Answer 9

The process of generating new species from a single species

Question 10

Phylogenic trees

Answer 10

Diagrams that represent history of divergence and illustrate hypotheses of how divergence took place

Question 11

Extinction

Answer 11

The disappearance of a species

Question 12

Endemic species

Answer 12

A species that only occurs in a single place

Question 13

Mass extinction events

Answer 13

They haven’t five events in earths history that wiped out 50 to 95% of earths species each time

Question 14

Ecology

Answer 14

Is the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

Question 15

Population ecology:

Answer 15

Examine the dynamics of a population change and the factors it effects

Question 16

Communities

Answer 16

made up of multiple interacting species that live in the same area

Question 17

Community ecology

Answer 17

Focuses on the species diverse city and interactions among species

Question 18

Ecosystems

Answer 18

Encompasses communities and the abiotic material and forces with which are members interact

Question 19

Ecosystem ecology

Answer 19

Reveals pattern such as the flow of energy and nutrients by studying living in non living components of the system

Question 20

Habitat

Answer 20

The specific environment in which an organism lives, and consists of living and non living things around it

Question 21

Habitat Selection:

Answer 21

Mobile organism can choose where they live

Question 22

Habitat use

Answer 22

Each organism thrives in a certain habitats and not others

Question 23

Niche

Answer 23

Reflects the use of resources and it’s functional role in a community

Question 24

Specialists

Answer 24

A species with very specific requirements

Question 25

generalists

Answer 25

Species with broad tolerances and have wide range of habitat or resources

Question 26

Population size

Answer 26

The number of individual organisms present at a given time

Question 27

Population density:

Answer 27

The number of individuals in a population per unit area

Question 28

Population distribution of population dispersion

Answer 28

Spatial arrangement of organisms within a particular area

Question 29

Sex ratio

Answer 29

The ratio of males to females

Question 30

Age distribution or age structure

Answer 30

The relative numbers of organisms of each age within a population

Question 31

Survivorship curves

Answer 31

Likelihood of death varies with age and is graphically shown

Question 32

Demographers

Answer 32

Scientists who study human population and population changes

Question 33

Natural rate of population growth

Answer 33

Determined by subtracting the death rate from the birthrate

Question 34

Population growth rate

Answer 34

Equal The crude birth rate plus the immigration rate minus accrued rate plus the emigration rate

Question 35

Exponential growth

Answer 35

When a population Increases by fixed percentage each year

Question 36

limiting factors

Answer 36

Physical chemical and biological characteristics of the environment that every population is eventually contained by

Question 37

Carrying capacity

Answer 37

Determined by | Interactions of limiting factors

Question 38

Logistic growth curve

Answer 38

And S shaped curve that shows a population that increases sharply at first the levels off, affected by limiting factors

Question 39

Density dependent factors

Answer 39

Population dependent on density

Question 40

density independent factors

Answer 40

The winds not affected by population density

Question 41

K selected species

Answer 41

Species that devote large amounts of energy and resources to caring for a few offspring

Question 42

R selected species

Answer 42

Have high biotic potential and devote their energy to producing as many offspring is possible in a relatively short amount of time

Question 43

Ecotourism

Answer 43

Tourism attracted to areas by ecology

Question 44

Species

Answer 44

A particular type of organism that share certain characteristics and can breed with one another to produce fertile offspring