Chapter 3

Question 1

What is the reactants in a chemical equation?

Answer 1

the substance combined in the reaction

Question 2

What is the product in a chemical equation?

Answer 2

The substance produced

Question 3

In a chemical equation where the formulas for the reactants are written ?

Answer 3

to the left of the arrow

Question 4

In a chemical equation does the state of matter are written?

Answer 4

yes,

• solids (s)
• liquids (l)
• gases (g)
• aqueous (aq)

Question 5

What is the law of conservation of matter?

Answer 5

matter can neither be created nor destroyed

Question 6

Who created the law of conservation of matter?

Answer 6

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 7

What is the stoichiometry ?

Answer 7

Stoichiometry is the relationship between the amount of chemical reactants and products

Question 8

What is chemical equilibrium?

Answer 8

when a reaction happen and at the same time it reverse, we say that the system has reached chemical equilibrium

Question 9

What is a product-favoured reaction?

Answer 9

It’s a reaction in which reactants are completely or largely converted to products when equilibrium is reach

Question 10

What is a solution?

Answer 10

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Question 11

What is a solvent?

Answer 11

The medium in which another substance is dissolved (major component of the solution)

Question 12

What is a solute?

Answer 12

The substance dissolved in a solvent (minor component of the solution)

Question 13

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 13

A solution where the solvent is water

Question 14

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 14

Compound whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity

Question 15

Does ionic compounds dissolves in water?

Answer 15

Yes, many ionic compound dissolve in water

Question 16

How do we determine if a compound is soluble?

Answer 16

• Non-polar or low polarity solvents dissolve non-polar or low polarity compounds
• Polar solvents dissolve polar compounds and some ionic compounds
• If the compound is ionic, use Coulomb’s law

Question 17

What are the 4 major categories of reactions?

Answer 17

1. precipitation
2. acid-base
3. gas forming
4. oxidation-reduction reactions

Question 18

What is a precipitation reaction?

Answer 18

The reaction produces a precipitate, a water-insoluble solid product.

Question 19

What is the difference between a complete ionic equation and a net ionic equation?

Answer 19

The complete ionic equation has spectators ions when a net ionic equation doesn’t have it.

Question 20

What are the strong acids? (6)

Answer 20

HCl
HBr
HI
HNO3
HClO4
H2SO4

Question 21

What are the strong bases? (3)

Answer 21

LiOH
NaOH
KOH

Question 22

What are the weak acids? (7)

Answer 22

H3PO4
H2CO3
CH3CO2H
H2C2O4
C4H6O6
C6H8O7
C9H8O4

Question 23

what are the weak bases? (1)

Answer 23

NH3

Question 24

What is the Arrhenius definition according the acid and bases?

Answer 24

An acid is a substance that when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, H+, in solution

A base is a substance that when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydroxides ions, OH-

Question 25

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition according to acid and bases?

Answer 25

view acids and bases in term of the transfer of a proton (H+) from on species to another they described all acid-base reactions in term of equilibrium

Question 26

What is the reaction of acids and bases in aqueous solution?

Answer 26

produce a salt and water

Question 27

Any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base and whose anion comes from an acid is__________

Answer 27

a salt

Question 28

how do we produce an neutralized reaction?

Answer 28

By mixing a strong acid and a strong base

Question 29

What is an acidic oxide?

Answer 29

Oxides of non metals (ex: CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2) that react with water to produce an acidic solution

Question 30

What is a basic oxide?

Answer 30

Oxides of metals, they produces basic solutions if they dissolves appreciably in water

Question 31

What are the 2 steps in the gas forming reaction? Take this equation to explain: CaCO3 + 2HCL→ CaCl2 + H2CO3

Answer 31

the product formed in this reaction is carbonate acid (H2CO3) This compound is unstable and decomposes to CO2 and H2O CaCO3 + 2HCL→CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Question 32

What oxidation-reduction reaction produces?

Answer 32

change metal oxides and sulphides into the metal = reduce ore to the metal

Question 33

how do we recognize and oxidation-reduction reaction?

Answer 33

any process in which oxygen is added to another substance is an oxidation

Question 34

When a substance loose electron it said to be ___________

Answer 34

oxidized

Question 35

When a substance gain electron it said to be ___________

Answer 35

reduced

Question 36

What is the oxidation number of an monatomic ion?

Answer 36

The charge is equal to the charge on the ion

Question 37

When combined to another element what is the charge of fluorine?

Answer 37

-1

Question 38

What is the charge on and ion which is oxidation number is 0?

Answer 38

-2

Question 39

What are the most common oxidizing agent? (5)

Answer 39

``` O2 (oxygen) Halogens HNO3 (nitric acid) Cr2O7 (dichromate ion) MnO4 (permanganate ion) ```

Question 40

What are the most common reducing agent? (3)

Answer 40

H2 (hydrogen) metals Carbon

Question 41

What happen in a product-favoured reaction?

Answer 41

Reactants are completely or largely converted to products.

Question 42

What happen in a reactant-favoured reaction

Answer 42

Conversion of only a small amount of reactants to products.