Chapter 3 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Socialization
When is it particularly important?
the social processes through which we develop an awareness of social norms and values and achieve a distinct sense of self.
Infancy and Childhood
Social Reproduction
the process whereby societies have structural continuity over time. Social reproduction is an important pathway through which parents transmit or produce values, norms, and social practices among their children.
Cognition
Human thought processes involving perception, reasoning, and remembering.
Social Self
Is it associated with the “I” or the “me?”
The basis of self consciousness in human individuals, according to the theory of G. H. Mead. The social self is the identity conferred upon an individual by the reactions of others. A person achieves self-consciousness by becoming aware of this social identity.
The me.
Self-Consciousness
Are humans born with self-consciousness?
What is vital to learning to become a self-conscious being?
Awareness of one’s distinct social idenity as a person sperate from others.
No, they acquire an awareness of self as a result of early socialization.
Learning language
Generalized Other
A concept in the theory of G.H. Mead, according to which the individual takes over the general values of a given group or society during he socialization process.
Sensorimotor Stage
What is the age range?
According to Piaget, a state of human cognitive development in which the chil’s awareness of its environment is dominated by perception and touch.
Birth-2
Preoperational Stage
What is the age range?
Piaget; a stage of human cognitive development in which the child has advanced sufficiently to master basic modes of logical thought.
2-7
Egocentric
According Piaget, the characteristic quality of a child during the early years of her life. Egocentric thinking involves understanding objects and events in the environment solely in terms of the child’s own position.
Concrete Operational Stage
What is the age range?
Piaget; a stage of human cognitive development in which the child’s thinking is based primarily on physical perception of the world. In this phase, the cild is not yet capable of dealing with abstract concepts or hypothetical situations.
7-11
Formal Operational Stage
What is the age range?
Piaget; a stage of human cognitive development in which the growing child becomes capable of handling abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.
11-15
Agents of Socialization
Groups or social contexts within which processes of socialization take place.
Nuclear Family
A family group consisting of an adult or adult couple and their dependent children.
Peer group
A friendship group composed of individuals of similar age and social status.
Age-Grades
The system found in small traditional cultures by which people belonging to a similar age group are categorized together and hold similar rights and obligations.
Social Roles
Socially defined expectations of an individual in a given status,or occupying a particular social position. In every society, individuals play a number of social roles, such as teenager, parent, worker, or political leader.
Self-Identity
The ongoing process of self-development and definition of our personal identity through which we formulate a unique sense of ourselves and our relationship to the world around us.
Life Course
the various transitions and stages people experience during their life.
Aging
The combination of biological, psychological, and social processes that affect people as they grow older.
Social Gerontologists
Those who study aging and the elderly.
Disengagement Theory
A functionalist theory of aging that holds that it is functional for society to remove people form their traditional roles when they become elderly, thereby freeing up those roles for others.
Activity Theory
A functionalist theory of aging which holds that busy, engaged people are more likely to lead fulfilled and productive lives.
Social Conflict Theories of Aging
Arguments that emphasize the ways in which the larger social structure helps to shape the opportunities available to the elderly. Unequal opportunities are seen as creating the potential for conflict.
Young Old
Sociological term for persons between the ages of 65 and 74.
