Chapter 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
anti-semitism
hatred of and prejudice against Jews
Capitalism
an economic system that protects private property, private ownership of businesses, and the freedom to buy and sell goods and services, with a minimum of government intervention.
Class struggle
the basic conflict in any society is between economic classes; capitalists versus the proletariat.
Classical liberalism
asserting the dignity of the individual and limited government power.
Communism
an ideology critical of capitalism that asserts that the class structure created by the capitalist mode of production perpetuates various facets of society.
Communist Manifesto
political pamphlet, written by Karl Marx, describing Marxism and calling for world revolution.
Conservation
Ideology emphasizing individual freedom from government controls and maximum personal liberty.
Divine Rights of Kings
Bosseut’s idea that monarchies, as representatives of God’s will, entitled them to rule absolutely, ignoring the will and well-being of their subjects.
Economic Determinism
The nature of the economy determines the social structure.
Equality of opportunity
each person should have an equal chance to develop individual capacities to his or her natural limits; there should be no artificial barriers to personal advancement.
Fascism
The supremacy of the nation over the individual.
Genocide
Mass murder of an entire empire
Goal of the fascist state
a superior race of human beings
The Holocaust
the murder of million of Jews, as well as millions belonging to other religious, ethnic, and cultural groups, in Nazi death camps during WWI.
Ideology
an integrated system of ideas of bellies that rationalizes and justifies the exercise of power, influencing how power is exercised.
Inalienable rights
rights not granted by government but belonging to individuals by virtue of their natural human condition.
laissez-faire
French for “let it be,” refers to a “hands off’ approach, or a limited role of the government in economic capacity.
limited government
the idea that government cannot violate the rights that it was established to protect; government power over the individual is limited.
Libertarianism
ideology that advocates that government should take a “hands-off” approach in most matters.
Modern Liberalism
government power is seen as a positive force in protecting the individual.
nationalization
government seizure of industries from private owners.
natural law
the premise that the laws that govern human behavior come from the nature of humans themselves and can be universally applied.
social contract
the idea that government arises from an implied contract among people as a means of protecting their rights.
Socialism
collective ownership of the means of production, distribution, and service.
