Chapter 3

Question 1

The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

Answer 1

Heredity

Question 2

the observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred

Answer 2

Dominant Trait

Question 3

a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred

Answer 3

Recessive Trait

Question 4

One set of instructions for an inherited trait

Answer 4

Gene

Question 5

One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color

Answer 5

Allele

Question 6

An organism’s appearance or other detectable characterisitc

Answer 6

Phenotype

Question 7

the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

The likelihood that a future event will occur in any given instance of the event

Answer 8

Probability

Question 9

chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

Answer 9

homologous chromosome

Question 10

a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells

Answer 10

Meiosis

Question 11

one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

Answer 11

sex chromosome

Question 12

a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family

Answer 12

Pedigree