Chapter 3

Question 1

Disorders in which child produces only a small number of misarticulations

Answer 1

Articulation Disorders

Question 2

Errors are made consistently

Answer 2

Articulation Disorders

Question 3

Errors reflect in ability to produce correct motor movements due to physical limitations or faulty learning.

Answer 3

Articulation Disorders

Question 4

Articulation Disorder type of errors: (4)

Answer 4

1. Substitutions
2. Omissions
3. Distortions
4. Additions

Question 5

Substituting one sound for another

Example: wake/rake

Answer 5

Substitutions

Question 6

Leaving a sound or sounds out

Example: -ake/rake or boa-/boat

Answer 6

Omissions

Question 7

Altering place or manner of a sound to produce a sound that does not normally occur in the language.

Answer 7

Distortions

Question 8

Adding a sound or sounds that don’t belong

Example: Baloo/blue or sanow/snow

Answer 8

Additions

Question 9

Child produces many speech sound errors, rendering speech difficult to understand (unintelligible)

Answer 9

Phonological Disorders

Question 10

Errors are not random, but are predictable. They reflect patterns, also called rules or process

Answer 10

Phonological Disorders

Question 11

Strategies all normally developing children use to simplify adult speech

Answer 11

Phonological Processes

Question 12

Most processes are extinguished or suppressed by age 4; if they persist, the child is delayed and speech is impaired

Answer 12

Phonological Disorders

Question 13

Categorized by how they affect words

Answer 13

Phonological Processes

Question 14

Affect how the syllable is produced

Answer 14

Syllable Shape Processes

Question 15

Affect how the sound is produced; involve changes in place and manner of production

Answer 15

Substitutions Processes

Question 16

Leaving the final consonant off the end of the syllable

Answer 16

Final Consonant Deletion

Question 17

Repeating a syllable or part of a syllable to produce the word

Example: wawa/ water or baba/bottle

Answer 17

Reduplication

Question 18

Reducing the number of consonants in a string of consonants

Answer 18

Consonant Cluster Simplification

Question 19

Producing a stop sound instead of a fricative

Answer 19

Stopping

Question 20

Producing a sound made in the front of the mouth (alveolar ridge) instead of a sound made in the back of the mouth (velars)

Answer 20

Fronting

Question 21

producing a glide sound (w, y) instead of a liquid (l, r)

Answer 21

Gliding of Liquids

Question 22

Disorders Associated with Physical or Developmental Differences (4)

Answer 22

1. Cleft lip and palate
2. Dysarthria
3. Apraxia
4. Hearing Loss

Question 23

Lips, hard palate, and soft palate develop during first trimester of pregnancy

Answer 23

Cleft Lip and Palate

Question 24

Grow together at the midline from the sides

Answer 24

Cleft Lip and Palate

Question 25

Growth may stop prematurely, leaving a gap in any or all three structures (partial or complete) on one or both sides (bilateral or unilateral)

Answer 25

Cleft Lip and Palate

Question 26

Repair requires surgery- often several

Answer 26

Cleft Lip and Palate

Question 27

Speech problems require therapy

Answer 27

Cleft Lip and Palate

Question 28

Parents require counseling

Answer 28

Cleft Lip and Palate

Question 29

Hypernasality

Answer 29

Too much sound out of the nose

Question 30

Weakness or incoordination of speech caused by neurological problems-errors in speech are consistent

Answer 30

Dysarthria

Question 31

Often associated with Cerebral Palsy, CVAs, TBI, and Brain tumors

Answer 31

Dysarthria

Question 32

Damage to the developing brain affecting motor areas responsible for smooth coordinated movements, muscle weakness or paralysis

Answer 32

Cerebral Palsy

Question 33

Speech programming problem associated with brain damage in frontal lobe (identified only in adults)

Answer 33

Apraxia of Speech

Question 34

Similar speech patterns in children led to the term Developmental Apraxia of Speech (DAS) or Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)

Answer 34

Apraxia of Speech

Question 35

No evidence of neurological damage in children; suspect a transmission problem in speech areas

Answer 35

Apraxia of Speech

Question 36

1. Unintelligible speech; multiple errors 2. Often misdiagnosed as phonological delay 3. Errors are inconsistent and increase with length of word 4. Errors are persist despite treatment 5. Difficulty sequencing sounds and syllables 6. Vowel errors are common

Answer 36

Speech Symptoms associated with apraxia

Question 37

The ability to hear and perceive sounds is critical to the development of normal speech

Answer 37

Hearing Loss

Question 38

With early identification and treatment, normal skills can be achieved

Answer 38

Hearing Loss

Question 39

1. Difficulty hearing and producing voicing distinctions 2. Difficulty with vowel distinctions 3. Difficulty with sounds that look alike on the mouth

Answer 39

Speech symptoms associated with Hearing Loss

Question 40

1. Traditional Articulation Therapy | 2. Phonological-based Therapy

Answer 40

treatments of speech sound disorders

Question 41

- used with articulation disorders | - modified to use with all other speech sound disorders except phonological disorders

Answer 41

Traditional Articulation Therapy

Question 42

-used with phonological disorders

Answer 42

Phonological-based Therapy

Question 43

Person who determines if the child falls "within" the norm

Answer 43

SLP

Question 44

May consist of: - name pictures - identify pictures - repeat sentences - describe pictures - tell stories

Answer 44

Arctic and Phono screening

Question 45

A ________ would be conducted by an Audiologist should the child not pass the screener

Answer 45

full eval

Question 46

- Observe oral structures at rest and during speech - looking into mouth - looking for symmetry, hygiene, weakness, palate structure

Answer 46

Oral-facial examination

Question 47

- Teach correct place and/or manner of production - Drill new production in isolation, words, sentences, connected speech - Generalization of new production to everyday speech

Answer 47

Traditional Articulation Therapy

Question 48

Disorders such as dysarthria, apraxia, and hearing loss present additional challenges

Answer 48

therapy with physical limitations

Question 49

Typically traditional articulation model is altered to allow for prolonged and repeated drill on motor tasks that are difficult

Answer 49

therapy with physical limitations

Question 50

Auditory, visual, tactile, kinesthetic cues assist in teaching and stabilizing new production patterns

Answer 50

therapy with physical limitations

Question 51

1. Feature Awareness 2. Cycles 3. Auditory Bombardment

Answer 51

Phonological-based Therapy

Question 52

Focuses on teaching sound contrasts and the use of appropriate patterns

Answer 52

Feature awareness

Question 53

cycling from one process to the next over a period of time; moving on and recycling before mastery

Answer 53

Cycles

Question 54

each cycle contains production activities, but also emphasizes this. Child is exposed to correct production of the sound

Answer 54

Auditory Bombardment