Chapter 3 Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

Chemical Bonds are

A

Compounds (chemicals of more than 1 element)

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2
Q

Atoms combine in ____, whole number ____.

A

Fixed

Ratios

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3
Q

Given Compounds always have some relative # of each kind of Atom (T/F)

A

True

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4
Q

These were examples of which theory?

A

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

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5
Q

Ionic bonds

______+______

A

Metal + non-metal

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6
Q

Covalent bond

______+______

A

Non-metal + non-metal

or metalloid

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7
Q

Which can have polar/non-polar compounds? Ionic or covalent (I or C)?

A

Covalent

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8
Q

I or C:

high boiling and melting point

A

Ionic

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9
Q

High boiling and melting points mean the bond is more ______.

A

Stable. More energy required to break

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10
Q

I or C?

Share Electrons

A

Covalent

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11
Q

I or C?

Opposite charges attract

A

Ionic

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12
Q

Charge on an Ion is called?

A

Oxidization number

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13
Q

Likely to give an electron and has a positive charge

A

Cation

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14
Q

Likely to gain electrons and have a negative charge

A

Aninon

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15
Q

________ determines the donor of a electrons in a bond.

A

Electronegativity

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16
Q

Example of an Ionic bond

A

Na+ + Cl- => NaCl

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17
Q

name of NaCl

A

Sodium Chloride

18
Q

Which of NaCl has a higher electronegativity? why?

A

Cl-
It takes Na one ve-
periodicy

19
Q

Explain the periodicy of electronegativity

A

Increases —> and up

20
Q

Electrons are shared equally is?

21
Q

Electrons are not shared equally as one atom is more attractive to the e- than the other is?

22
Q

Polar vs non-polar is determined by ________.

A

Electronegativity

23
Q

> _1.9 EN =

24
Q

<1.9 EN =

25
1.8-0.5 EN =
Covalent and Polar
26
<0.5 EN =
Covalent and non-polar
27
Most stable group of elements? Why?
Noble gases. They have a full Octet natually
28
What is the Octet Rule
Tendency of atoms to react to achieve an outer valance shell configuration of 8e-
29
Name an excepetion to the octet rule (H)
Hydrogen is happy with just 2
30
Name an excepetion to the octet rule (B)
Boron is happy with just 6
31
Can you have an odd number of electrons?
Yes, these are unstable naturally and are an exception to the octet rule (NO, NO2)
32
What is an expanded Octet?
More than 8ve-
33
John Teller Theorum
If degenerate orbitals are asymmetrical a distortion will occur to remove the degeneracy
34
atoms and ions are different in their chemical properties. Give an example
Na poisonous and reactive | Na+ non-toxic and stable
35
NaCl is ionize, stable, and __________.
Electroneutral
36
Naming Conventions for: | SYSTEMATIC MONOATOMIC CATIONS
Element name + "ION" Na+ -> Sodium ion
37
Naming Conventions for: | SYSTEMATIC MULTIPLE CATIONS (transitional metals)
Element(roman #) +"ION" Cu+2 -> Copper(II) Ion Sn+4 -> Tin(IV) Ion
38
Naming Conventions for: | COMMON MULTIPLE CATIONS (transitional metals)
Latin name+ suffix ``` Smaller = "ous" Larger = "ic" ```
39
Elements that can fall in COMMON MULTIPLE CATIONS (transitional metals)
``` Cu+ Cuprous Cu+2 Cupric Fe+2 Ferrous Fe+3 Ferric Pb+2 plumbous Pb+4 plumbic Sn+2 stannous Sn+4 Stannic ```
40
Naming Conventions for: | SYSTEMATIC MONO ANIONS
Add "ide" to element Cl- Chloride
41
Stability increases as more orbitals are filled (T/F)
TRue