Chapter 3

Question 1

Cell Body

Answer 1

Core region of the cell containing the nucleus and other organelles for making proteins.

Question 2

Dendrites

Answer 2

Branching extension of a neurons cell membrane that greatly increases the surface area of the cell and collects information from other cells.

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

“Root” or single fiber of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons

Question 4

Dendritic Spine

Answer 4

Protrusion from a dendrite that greatly increases the dendrites surface area.

The usual point of dendritic contact with other cell’s axons.

Question 5

Axon Hillock

Answer 5

Juncture of soma and axon where action potential begins

Question 6

Axon Collateral

Answer 6

Branch of an axon

Question 7

Terminal Button

Answer 7

Knob at the tip of an axon that conveys information to other neurons.

Question 8

Synapse

Answer 8

Junction between one neuron and another that formed the information transfer site between neurons

Question 9

Sensory Neurons

Answer 9

Neuron that carries incoming information from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain.

Question 10

Interneuron

Answer 10

Association neuron interposed between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron

Question 11

Motor Neuron

Answer 11

Neurons that carries information from the brain and spinal cord to make muscles contract.

Question 12

Bipolar Neuron

Answer 12

Sensory neuron with one axon and one dendrite.

Question 13

Somatosensory Neuron

Answer 13

Brain cell that brings sensory information from the body into the spinal cord

Question 14

Pyramidal Cell

Answer 14

Distinctive interneuron found in the cerebellum

Question 15

Where are motor neurons located?

Answer 15

In the brainstem and spinal cord

Question 16

Ependymal Cells

Answer 16

Produce and secrete cerebrospinal fluid

Found on well of the ventricles in the brain.

Question 17

Hydrocephalus

Answer 17

Build up of pressure in the brain.

In infants swelling of head is caused if the flow of cerebrospinal fluid is blocked

Question 18

Astrocyte

Answer 18

Star shaped glial cell

Provides structural support and transports substances between neurons and blood vessels

Question 19

Blood Brain Barrier

Answer 19

Tight junctions between cells that compose blood vessels in the brain

Provide barrier to the entry of substances

Question 20

Microglia

Answer 20

Glial cells that originate in the blood

Aid in the repair and scavenge debris in the nervous system

Question 21

Myelin

Answer 21

Glial cells in the CNS that myelinate axons

Question 22

Schwann Cells

Answer 22

Glial cells in the PNS that myelinates sensory and motor axons

Question 23

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 23

Disorder that results from the loss of myelin around neurons

Question 24

What are the four main functions of glial cells?

Answer 24

Provide nutrients to Neurons, removing waste, insulating, acts as nerve glue

Question 25

Golgi body

Answer 25

Membranous structure that packages protein molecules for transport

Question 26

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 26

Folded layers of membrane where proteins are assembled.

Question 27

How can we describe the flow of information contained in the genetic code?

Answer 27

DNA transcribed into mRNA MRNA translated by ribosomes into amino acids