Chapter 3

Question 1

Interpretive theories

Answer 1

emphasizes social interaction and meanings, understanding and interpretations

Question 2

symbolic Interactionist Theory

Answer 2

in our interactions, we communicate with each other using symbols. Role-taking, Looking-glass self, significant others, generalized other

Question 3

Status Cues

Answer 3

visual indicators of a person’s social position

Question 4

stereotypes

Answer 4

rigid views of how members of various groups act, regardless of whether the individual group members really behave that way

Question 5

`Socialization

Answer 5

the process by which people learn their culture. By entering into and disengaging from a succession of roles. By becoming aware of themselves as they interact with others

Question 6

Role

Answer 6

behaviour expected of a person occupying a particular position in society

Question 7

Mead’s Stages of Development

Answer 7

Question 8

Looking-glass self

Answer 8

Charles Horton Cooley. When we interact with others, they gesture and react to us. We imagine how we appear to them, then we imagine what judgement/evaluation they are making of us. From these judgements we develop a self-concept or a set of feelings and idea about who we are.

Question 9

Labelling Theories

Answer 9

Question 10

Labelling Theories: Tannenbaum

Answer 10

Tagging = a deviant label is applied -> dramatization of eveil = the label is generalized from the behaviour to the person -> changes in identity and lifestyle

Question 11

Labelling Theories: Lemert

Answer 11

Primary deviance-> getting caught -> secondary deviance

Question 12

labelling Theories: Howard Becker

Answer 12

Deviance is a master status. A person with a deviant master status becomes an outsider. Changes in identity and lifestyle

Question 13

Labelling Theories: Goffman

Answer 13

we may be stigmatized for a variety of reason. Courtesy stigma or stigma by association. If the role we have assumed is stigmatized, we engage in stigma management while on the front stage

Question 14

Dramaturgical Theory: Backstage

Answer 14

shaped by biological features, personality, primary socialization and personal interests

Question 15

Dramaturgical theory: Frontstage

Answer 15

what we expect other people to see us..

cultural norms/taboos. mainstream values, social relations

Question 16

dramaturgical approach

Answer 16

differences between our front-stage self and back-stage self

Question 17

The deviant career

Answer 17

progression through deviance = progression through a carrer.

Question 18

Critiques of interpretive Theories

Answer 18

failure to address the social structure, failure to address long-term effects of labelling experiences

Question 19

Pluralist conflict Theory (conflict Theory)

Answer 19

multiple axes of inequality, distraction of the main issues

Question 20

Culture and conflict Theory (conflict theory)

Answer 20

dominant culture imposes its norms, cultural hegemony, false consciousness - you wont realize your true interest

Question 21

Group coflict theory (conflict theory)

Answer 21

attempt to gain the support of authorities, free-rider problem: why individuals often fail to win class actions, prisoners’ dilemma: why elites can buy alliance

Question 22

Power-reflexive theories

Answer 22

claims to knowledge that emerge from locations of power become legitmized. In a panopitcal society, not only do we surveil others, we also engage in self-surveillance

Question 23

Feminist Theories

Answer 23

Scholarly work has had an androcentric bias, social experiences are gendered, academic work should be combined with social action.

Question 24

broadly base don rejection. Rejection of thoeries of society, of cohesive social categories, possibilty of “truth”

Question 25

Foucault’s Post-Modern Theories

Answer 25

How “governance” becomes “governmentality”, how our knowledge is “governed”/shaped by power, how humans and human bodies become the “subjects” of “governmentality”,

how punishments evolve into the basic social control in human history, especially in modern society

Question 26

Critiques of critical theories

Answer 26

are they theories, or just soical processes?

Conflict Theories: fail to recognize consensus in society