Chapter 3

Question 1

The vertebral column consists of __ vertebrae. There are __ cervical vertebrae, __ thoracic vertebrae, __ lumbar vertebrae, __ fused sacral vertebrae and __ or __ coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 1

30
7
12
5
5
1 or 2

Question 2

Each vertebra has two main parts, a ___ and a ___ ___

Answer 2

Body

Vertebral Arch

Question 3

The ___ is the weight bearing portion of the bone

Answer 3

Body

Question 4

The bodies articulate ___ with each other via intervertebral discs.

Answer 4

Vertically

Question 5

The discs have an outer fibrocartilage cortex, the ___ ___

Answer 5

Annulus Fibrosus

Question 6

The Annulus Fibrosus is the ___ _____ ____ of the disc

Answer 6

Outer Fibrocartilage Cortex

Question 7

The discs have a pulpy inner core (medulla) called the ___ ___

Answer 7

Nucleus Pulposus

Question 8

The Nucleus Pulposus is the ___ ____ ____ (medulla) of the disc

Answer 8

Pulpy Inner Core

Question 9

The _____ ____ is made up of 4 bony processes

Answer 9

Vertebral Arch

Question 10

2 of the bony the processes, the rounded ____

Answer 10

Pedicles

Question 11

The other 2 are flatter and are called ____

Answer 11

Laminae

Question 12

The arch and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body together create the ____ _____

Answer 12

Vertebral Foramen

Question 13

The vertical cylinder made up of all the vertebral foramen is called the ____ ____

Answer 13

Vertebral Canal

Question 14

___ processes projects laterally from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae

Answer 14

Transverse

Question 15

Transverse processes projects ____ from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae

Answer 15

Laterally

Question 16

The transverse processes serve as attachments for ___ and in the thorax serve as attachments for the ___ via the transverse costal facets

Answer 16

Muscles

Ribs

Question 17

This single process (_____ process) projects backwards from the union of the 2 laminae

Answer 17

Spinous

Question 18

The infravertebral notch and the merging of the superior and inferior articular processes together with the top of the inferior lamina make a ____ when viewed ____; these are called ____ ____

Answer 18

Foramen
Laterally
Intervertebral Foramina

Question 19

The INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMINA are very important, for it is through these foramina that the ___ ____ exit

Answer 19

Spinal Nerves

Question 20

INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

A ____ rupturing in this space, “___ ____ ____” can cause severe neurological problems

Answer 20

Disc

A Slipped Disc

Question 21

The lower 5 ____ vertebrae may be considered typical

Answer 21

Cervioal

Question 22

The ___ (C1) has a much larger foramen than the other cervical vertebrae

Answer 22

Atlas

Question 23

C1 is large superiorly in order to accommodate the equally large _____ _____ on the Inferior skull

Answer 23

Occipital Condyles

Question 24

C1 and Occipital Condyles comprise the

________-_________ _____

Answer 24

Atlanto-Occipital Joint

Question 25

A prominent feature of the ____ (C2) is the ____

Answer 25

Axis | Dens

Question 26

The dens is held into the anterior part of the foramen by a ligament on the atlas, the _______ _______

Answer 26

Transverse Ligament

Question 27

The articulation provided by atlas and the dens is a ____ joint

Answer 27

Pivot

Question 28

The _____ joint between the articular processes of the atlas and axis has a large horizontal surface; this joint allows horizontal rotation. Hence these 2 joints allow ____ and _____ rotation

Answer 28

Intervertebral Flexion rotation

Question 29

The transverse process are remarkable in that they possess a vertical foramen for the passage of the ____ artery and ____

Answer 29

Vertebral | Vein

Question 30

Most of the spinous processes (except for ___) are bifid

Answer 30

C1

Question 31

The apophyseal joints of the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae are oriented _____

Answer 31

Coronally

Question 32

The apophyseal joints of the lumbar vertebrae are oriented _____ allowing for the principal movements of _____ and extension

Answer 32

Sagittally | Flexion

Question 33

Both the spinous process and the transverse process are ______ and ___

Answer 33

Horizontal | Stout

Question 34

There is a row of 4 sacral _____, allowing the passage of sacral nerves

Answer 34

Foramina

Question 35

``` Curvatures of the Vertebral Column Cervical - ____ anteriorly Thoracic - _____ anteriorly Lumbar - _____ anteriorly Sacral - _____ anteriorly ```

Answer 35

Convex Concave Convex Concave

Question 36

Of the 4 curvatures, the ____ and _____ are considered primary

Answer 36

Thoracic | Sacral

Question 37

Primary curvatures are present in the ____ and secondary curvatures develop ____ _____

Answer 37

Fetus | After Birth

Question 38

_____ is excessive curvature in the upper thoracic region

Answer 38

Kyphosis

Question 39

_____ is excessive curvature in the lumbar region

Answer 39

Lordosis

Question 40

_____ is a coronal malcurvature of the spine to one or both sides

Answer 40

Scoliosis

Question 41

Longitudinal Ligaments, of which there are two, run virtually the ____ _____ of the spinal column. They are connected to each of the vertebral bodies, one on the ____ aspect and one on the ___ aspect

Answer 41

Whole Length Ventral Dorsal

Question 42

______ Longitudinal Ligament - the stronger of the 2 ligaments that runs down the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

Answer 42

Anterior

Question 43

The Anterior Longitudinal Ligament is the ____ of the two ligaments and runs down the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

Answer 43

Stronger

Question 44

_____ Longitudinal Ligament - runs down along the dorsal aspects of the vertebral bodies in the vertebral canal

Answer 44

Posterior

Question 45

_______ _____ join the laminae of the vertebrae. They are deep within the neural arches. They are made up of ____ tissue and thus they can stretch

Answer 45

Ligamentum Flavum | Elastic

Question 46

Ligamentum Flavum join the ____ of the vertebrae

Answer 46

Laminae

Question 47

__________ _____ connect adjacent spinous processes. They are particularly strong in the lumbar region

Answer 47

Interspinous Ligaments

Question 48

Interspinous Ligaments connect adjacent ____ processes. They are particularly strong in the ____ region

Answer 48

Spinous | Lumbar

Question 49

_______ _______ connect the tip of one spinous process to another. They make up a cord-like structure running the length of the vertebral column. In the neck, the supra- and inter-spinous ligaments are very much reinforced; in this region, the ligament is called the Ligamentum Nuchae

Answer 49

Supraspinous Ligaments

Question 50

Supraspinous Ligaments connect the tip of 1 ____ _____ with another

Answer 50

Spinous Process

Question 51

_______ ______ connects the transverse processes with each other

Answer 51

Intertransverse Ligaments

Question 52

Intertransverse Ligaments connect the ______ processes with each other

Answer 52

Transverse

Question 53

THE NECK MUSCLES include the _____ Capitis and the _____ Capitis, which both take origin from the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebral arches

Answer 53

Splenius | Semispinalis

Question 54

The Semispinalis Capitis inserts on the ______ bone

Answer 54

Occipital

Question 55

The Splenius Capitis muscle runs obliquely and inserts onto the _____ process

Answer 55

Mastoid

Question 56

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLE GROUP Consists of only the _____ _____. They are 3 parallel sets of muscles running up... the 3 groups, from medial to lateral are _______, ________ and ________

Answer 56

Erector Spinae Spinalis Longissimus Iliocostalis

Question 57

DEEP BACK MUSCLE GROUP | Involves the tiny ______ muscles

Answer 57

Transversospinalis

Question 58

The back muscles extend along the entire vertebral column and aid in _____. The deep group also produces localized _____ rotation

Answer 58

Posture | Lateral

Question 59

All of the vertebral muscles are innervated by the _____ ____ of the spinal nerves, which exit from the intervertebral foramina at each spinal level

Answer 59

Dorsal Rami