Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
The 4 LEVERS of the UPPER limb are ____, _____, _____ and _____
A
The pectoral Girdle
The Arm
The Forearm
The Hand
2
Q
The 3 JOINTS of the UPPER limb are ____, ____ and ____
A
Shoulder Elbow Wrist
3
Q
UPPER limb has ____ main arterial trunk to provide it with blood
A
One
4
Q
The blood is drained through 2 sets of VEINS - _____ and ____
A
Superficial
Deep
5
Q
UPPER limb is innervated via branches of a nerve plexus - _____ PLEXUS
A
Brachial
6
Q
BRACHIAL PLEXUS supplies __ MAJOR ______ BRANCHES (___, _____, ________, ____ and ____ branches)
A
5
Terminal
Radial
Axillary
Musculocutaneous
Median
Ulnar
7
Q
One region in the limb requires special attention, the ____
A
Axilla
8
Q
The AXILLA is the space between the UPPER RIB CAGE and the ______, situated above the ___ ___
A
Humerus
Arm Pit
9
Q
Of the 4 WALLS of the AXILLA, 3 are ______ and the other is the ______ _____
A
Muscular
Bicipital Groove
10
Q
The BICIPITAL GROOVE is the _____ wall of the AXILLA
A
Lateral
11
Q
The MEDIAL WALL of the AXILLA is ____ ______ covering the rib cage
A
Serratus Anterior
12
Q
The ANTERIOR WALL of the AXILLA is the 2 ______ muscles
A
Pectoralis
13
Q
The POSTERIOR WALL of the AXILLA is the muscular coating of the ANTERIOR SCAPULA (________), the ______ ____ and the _____ ______ muscles
A
Subscapularis Latssimus Dorsi Teres Major
14
Q
The _____ is located just behind the clavicle, it is here where the ____ and ____ enter the AXILLA and subsequently, the UPPER LIMB
A
APEX Vessels Nerves
15
Q
The ________ ARTERY passes UNDER the CLAVICLE and enters the APEX of the AXILLA, where it becomes the _______ ARTERY, which sends 3 branches to the main axillary walls
A
Subclavian Axillary
16
Q
As the SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY runs through the AXILLA, it is closely related to the AXILLARY ____ and the ______ ______. These 3 structural elements are bound in life by a CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATH - the _____ ______
A
Veins Brachial Plexus Axillary Sheath
17
Q
When the AXILLA ARTERY leaves the AXILLA, it becomes the _____ ARTERY
A
Brachial
18
Q
The 3 BRANCHES OF THE AXILLARY ARTERY are _____ ______ artery, __________ artery and _______ artery
A
Lateral Thoracic Thoracoacromial Subscapular
19
Q
The AXILLARY ARTERY also supplies the DELTOID muscle via the _____ _____ ________ ARTERY
A
POSTERIOR HUMERAL CIRCUMFLEX
20
Q
The muscles clothing the back of the SCAPULA are serviced by the ______ ARTERY a branch of the THYROCERVICAL TRUNK
A
Suprascapular
21
Q
The muscles clothing the back of the SCAPULA are serviced by the SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY a branch of the _______ TRUNK
A
Thyrocervical
22
Q
The AXILLARY ARTERY passes inferior border of the TERES MAJOR muscle at which point it becomes the ______ ARTERY
A
Brachial
23
Q
VEINS AND LYMPH NODES This is a group of 2 or 3 VEINS that travel with the ARTERY and NERVE PLEXUS in the _____ ______. They EMPTY into the _____ VEIN
A
Axillary Sheath Subclavian
24
Q
The MAJOR PART of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS is located in the ____, that is within the _____ SHEATH
A
AXILLA AXILLARY
25
FIVE MAJOR NERVES The 5 ROOTS are __ - __ and \_\_. These roots have 3 TRUNKS: \_\_\_\_\_, ____ and \_\_\_\_\_
C5 C8 T1 Upper Middle Lower
26
EACH of the TRUNKS DIVIDE to form ____ and _____ DIVISIONS, which unite to form 3 CORDS: the ____ CORD the _____ CORD and the ______ CORD
Anterior Posterior Lateral Medial Posterior
27
The POSTERIOR CORD gives off 2 big terminal BRANCHES: the ______ NERVE (by far the BIGGEST) and the _____ NERVE
Radial Axillary
28
The LATERAL CORD forms the ________ NERVE, the MEDIAL CORD forms the ____ NERVE and they BOTH send fibres to the center of the plexus to form the ____ NERVE
Musculocutaneous Ulnar Median
29
MINOR NERVES NERVE ROOT C5 gives off the ____ \_\_\_\_\_ NERVE (to RHOMBOID MAJOR and MINOR), while the ____ \_\_\_\_\_ NERVE (to SERRATUS ANTERIOR) comes from ROOTS C5 - C7
Dorsal Scapular Long Thoracic
30
The POSTERIOR CORD provides the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ NERVE (to SUBSCAPULARIS ) and the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ NERVE (to SUBSCAPULARIS and TERES MAJOR), and the _______ NERVE (to LATISSIMUS DORSI)
Upper Subscapular Lower Subscapular Thoracodorsal
31
The LATERAL CORD gives off the ____ \_\_\_\_\_ NERVE (to PECTORALIS MAJOR)
Lateral Pectoral
32
The MEDIAL CORD generates the ______ NERVES of the ARM and FOREARM, and the ____ \_\_\_\_\_ NERVE (to PECTORALIS MAJOR AND MINOR)
Cutaneous Medial Pectoral
33
ALL MAJOR NERVES can have their ROOTS "traced back" from the from the diagram - EXCEPT the ____ NERVE which only has roots C5 and C6
Axillary
34
NERVE ROOTS C5 & C6 NERVES with _____ in the name (AXILLARY NERVE is the major exception) ALL _____ of the shoulder, via the AXILLARY NERVE to DELTOID, and via the SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE to SUPRASPINATUS ALL ______ \_\_\_\_\_ MUSCLES via the SUPRASCAPULAR and SUBSCAPULAR NERVES NERVES to the _____ MUSCLES
Scapular Abduction Rotator Cuff Shoulder
35
NERVE ROOTS C5, C6 & C7 Form the ______ NERVE The _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ NERVE to PECTORALIS MAJOR The _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ NERVE to SERRATUS ANTERIOR
Musculocutaneous Lateral Pectoral Long Thoracic
36
NERVE ROOTS C6, C7 & C8 Supplies the ______ \_\_\_\_\_ MUSCLE
Latissimus Dorsi
37
NERVE ROOTS C8 & T1 ____ NERVE to MUSCLES in the medial ARM and HAND CUTANEOUS sensation of the arm and forearm (\_\_\_\_ ____ NERVES) The ____ \_\_\_\_ NERVE to PECTORALIS MAJOR and MINOR
ULNAR Medial Cutaneous Medial Pectoral
38
The SHOULDER MUSCLES (the most superior) are served by the UPPER ROOTS (\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_)
C5 C6
39
ANTERIOR ARM MUSCLES are served by the MIDDLE nerve roots (\_\_\_\_, ____ & \_\_\_\_)
C5 C6 C7
40
The most INFERIOR MUSCLES (via the ULNAR NEVER to the MEDIAL ARM and HAND) are served by the LOWER roots(\_\_\_ & \_\_\_)
C8 T1
41
NERVE ROOTS C5-8 & T1 DISTRIBUTION of all NERVE ROOTS to the MEDIAN NERVE (via the _____ DIVISIONS) and RADIAL NERVE (via the ______ DIVISIONS)
Anterior Posterior
42
The bones of the PECTORAL GIRDLE include the \_\_\_\_\_\_, the _____ and the _______ HUMERUS
Scapula Clavicle Proximal
43
The SCAPULA sits on each side of the UPPER DORSAL: THORAX between the levels of __ to \_\_
T2 T7
44
SERRATUS ANTERIOR Has a serrated origin from the LATERAL ASPECT of the _____ \_\_\_\_ ribs Its fibres run LATERALLY and then backwards around the ribcage and UNDER the SCAPULA (anterior side) to insert on its _____ border. Its insertion is concentrated toward the _____ It acts by pulling the SCAPULA FORWARD - _____ It also ROTATES the GLENOID FOSSA ____ because of the concentration of fibres at the INFERIOR ANGLE It is INNERVATED by the ____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ NERVE
Upper 9 Medial Bottom Protraction Upwards Long Thoracic
45
TRAPEZIUS This muscle ORIGINATES along a line from the _____ bone (base of the skull) down to vertebrae ___ It INSERTS onto the _____ The UPPER FIBRES INSERT onto the ____ and ____ The MIDDLE FIBRES run horizontally to INSERT along the length of the ___ of the ____ The LOWER FIBRES ascend to the ____ on the spine of the SCAPULA The 3 parts of the muscle can all act TOGETHER as powerful ______ of the SHOULDER The UPPER FIBRES _____ the SHOULDER and ROTATE the GLENOID FOSSA _____ The MIDDLE FIBRES are ________ The LOWER FIBRES ______ the SHOULDER and rotate the GLENOID FOSSA _____ The INNERVATION for the TRAPEZIUS is CRANIAL NERVE \_\_\_, the _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ NERVE
Occipital T12 Scapula Clavicle Acromion Spine Scapula Tubercle Retractors Elevate Upwards Retractors Depress Upwards XI Spinal Accessory
46
LEVATOR SCAPULAE This muscle along with the RHOMBOIDS, forms a sheet of muscle running down ___ to \_\_\_, which INSERTS onto the ______ border of the SCAPULA It takes ORIGIN from the transverse processes of ___ - \_\_\_\_, the fibres course down and laterally underneath the splenius capitis to INSERT on the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_ border of the SCAPULA Its action causes _____ of the SCAPULA, but ______ the GLENOID FOSSA It is INNERVATED by branches of nerves ___ and \_\_\_\_
C1 T5 Medial C1 C4 Upper Medial Elevation Depresses C3 C4
47
RHOMBOIDS (MAJOR AND MINOR) The pair often cannot be physically _____ RHOMBOID MINOR is the _____ of the 2 and ORIGINATES from the LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE and spinous processes of ___ and ___ RHOMBOID MINOR INSERTS into the _____ of the ______ border of the SCAPULA RHOMBOID MAJOR comes from the spinous processes of ___ - \_\_\_\_, is much more ______ than its minor brother. It INSERTS into the ____ third of the ______ SCAPULAR BORDER TOGETHER the RHOMBOIDS _____ and ______ the SCAPULA and aid in _______ the GLENOID FOSSA They are INNERVATED by the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ NERVE (C5) of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS
Separated Superior C7 T1 Middle Medial T2 T5 Powerful Lower Medial Elevate Retract Depressing Dorsal Scapular
48
LATISSIMUS DORSI It has a very large ORIGIN including the CREST of the \_\_\_\_\_, the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_, the SACRAL, LUMBAR and LOWER THORACIC VERTEBRAL SPINES (\_\_\_ - \_\_\_) and the LOWEST 3 or 4 RIBS Its FIBRES INSERT into the _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_ It is a very powerful ______ of the ARM Additionally, it is also an _______ and _______ ROTATOR It is INNERVATED by the _________ NERVE
Ilium Lumbar Fascia T7 T12 Bicipital Groove (the floor) Extensor Adductor Medial Thoracodorsal
49
PECTORALIS MAJOR It has 2 HEADS AND ORIGINS The CLAVICULAR HEAD comes from the ______ of the CLAVICLE COSTAL HEAD ORIGINATES from the 6 ______ COSTAL _______ and the adjoining STERNUM BOTH INSERT on the _______ \_\_\_ of the BICIPITAL GROOVE Powerful muscle that \_\_\_\_\_, _____ and _______ ROTATES the ARM It is INNERVATED by the BRACHIAL PLEXUS via the ______ and ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ NERVES
Middle Upper Cartilages Lateral Lip Adducts Flexes Medially Medial Lateral Pectoral
50
PECTORALIS MINOR Takes ORIGIN from RIBS ___ to ___ and INSERTS on the _______ PROCESS It acts to ______ the SCAPULA and to PULL ____ and ______ on the RIB CAGE It is INNERVATED by the _____ PECTORAL NERVE
3 5 Coracoid Stabilize Upward Forward Medial
51
DELTOID The ORIGIN is a continuous line from the ____ third of the _____ to the acromion and LATERAL third of the ____ of the SCAPULA The FIBRES run down and INSERT on the _____ UPPER HUMERUS called the DELTOID ______ When all of the muscles act at once it is a powerful ____ The ANTERIOR FIBRES produce _____ MIDDLE FIBRES produce ______ POSTERIOR FIBRES produce _____ DELTOID is INNERVATED by the ______ NERVE
Lateral Clavicle Spine Lateral Tubercle Abductor Flexion Abduction Extension Axillary
52
TERES MAJOR Its ORIGIN is on the ____ part of the back of the _____ It INSERTS on the _____ LIP of the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ It \_\_\_\_, _____ and ____ ROTATES the ARM and is INNERVATED by the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ NERVE
Lower Scapula Medial Bicipital Groove Extends Adducts Medially Lower Subscapular
53
ROTATOR CUFF This is a group of 4 muscles ORIGINATING on the _____ and INSERTING on the _______ They are the \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Scapula Humerus Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis
54
SUBSCAPULARIS This muscle's ORIGIN occupies most of the _____ surface of the SCAPULA, the SUBSCAPULARIS FOSSA Its fibres run laterally and INSERT on the ______ TUBERCLE of the HUMERUS It is a powerful ____ ROTATOR and a weak ___ It is INNERVATED by the ____ NERVES
Anterior Lesser Medial Adductor Subscapular
55
SUPRASPINATUS ORIGIN in the _____ FOSSA to its INSERTION in the __ FACET of the GREATER TUBERCLE This muscle initates\_\_\_\_ and is INNERVATED by the _____ NERVE
Supraspinous Top Abduction Suprascapular
56
INFRASPINATUS ORIGIN occupying most of the ______ FOSSA and INSERTS on the ____ FACET of the GREATER TUBERCLE
Infraspinatus Middle
57
TERES MINOR ORIGIN is the _____ \_\_\_\_ BORDER of the SCAPULA and it INSERTS on the on the ______ FACET of the GREATER TUBERCLE It is a ______ ROTATOR and is INNERVATED by the ____ NERVE
Lower Lateral Inferior Lateral Axillary
58
CAPSULE AND LIGAMENTS OF THE SHOULDER JOINT The ligaments around the joint are for the most part very weak, with the exception of ______ LIGAMENT The greatest contribution to the strength of the joint are the _____ \_\_\_\_ muscles
Coracohumeral Rotator Cuff
59
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS Course: ______ ARM and EXITS \_\_\_\_in the FOREARM Motor: ANTERIOR _____ of the ARM Sensory: ARM & _____ FOREARM Injury: CANNOT _____ ELBOW
Anterior Laterally Flexor Lateral Flex
60
AXILLARY NERVE Course: POSTERIOR to the ______ \_\_\_\_ of the HUMERUS Motor: ____ & TERES _____ Sensory: ______ Injury: SURGICAL NECK FRACTURE - LOSS of ______ from 15 - 90 degrees
Surgical Neck Deltoid Minor Shoulder Abduction
61
MEDIAN NERVE Course: ______ to the ELBOW; Supplies and passes between 2 HEADS of the _____ TERES muscle
Anterior Pronator
62
STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT This is the ____ JOINT between the CLAVICLE and the \_\_\_\_\_\_, the SUPERIOR part of the STERNUM 2 main ligaments REINFORCE the joint: the small, MEDIAL _____ LIGAMENT and the larger, more LATERAL, _______ LIGAMENT
Manubrium Sternoclavicular Costoclavicular
63
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT This joint is easily DAMAGED (a ____ shoulder) and it is the ARTICULATION of the DISTAL CLAVICLE with the MEDIAL facing part of the _____ PROCESS It is greatly REINFORCED by the ______ LIGAMENT
Separated Acromion Coracoclavicular
64
COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF THE ARM The ARM is divided into 2 compartments - ____ & \_\_\_\_\_- by a deep FASCIAL _____ The ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT houses the ELBOW ____ and the POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT contains the ELBOW \_\_\_\_\_
Anterior Posterior Septum Flexors Extensors
65
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT 2 muscles here INSERT into the FOREARM (\_\_\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_\_\_\_) while a 3rd muscle, the ______ INSERTS into the _____ All muscles in this group are INNERVATED by the _______ NERVE
Biceps Brachialis Coracobrachialis Humerus Musculocutaneous
66
CORACOBRACHIALIS This is a small muscle ORIGINATING on the tip of the _____ PROCESS and INSERTING half way down the ___ side of the HUMERUS It is an ______ but a very minor one
Coracoid Medial Adductor
67
BRACHIALIS It is a wide muscle which ORIGINATES on the flat surface of the _____ HUMERUS Its fibres congregate to INSERT on the ____ of the ____ DISTAL to the ELBOW It is a powerful ELBOW \_\_\_\_
Distal Tubercle Ulna Flexor
68
BICEPS BRACHII The LONG HEAD ORIGINATES on a small tubercle above the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ on the SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE The SHORT HEAD ORIGINATES from the ____ PROCESS, next to the ORIGIN of the CORACOBRACHIALIS Fuse together and INSERT on the ____ TUBERCLE
Glenoid Fossa Coracoid Radial
69
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT The only muscle that occupies this compartment is the TRICEPS (BRACHII) The LONG HEAD ORIGINATES on a SMALL TUBERCLE UNDER the _____ \_\_\_\_\_, the INFRAGLENOID TUBERCLE The MEDIAL HEAD is deep, its ORIGIN occurring on the lower part of the shaft of the ______ The LATERAL HEAD comes from the ____ HUMERUS Is INNERVATED by the RADIAL NERVE
Glenoid Fossa Humerus Proximal
70
BRACHIAL ARTERY It BIFURCATES as it enters into the FOREARM into the ____ and ____ ARTERIES The main branches of the BRACHIAL ARTERY are the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ ARTERY and the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ ______ ARTERY
Radial Ulnar Profunda Brachii Superior Ulnar collateral
71
The SUPERIOR ULNAR COLLATERAL ARTERY runs down the _____ side of the arm and anastomoses with the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ ARTERY, thus providing collateral circulation around the elbow joint
Medial Ulnar Recurrent
72
The RADIAL COLLATERAL ARTERY anastomosing with the _____ \_\_\_\_ ARTERY provides the same circulation as the ULNAR equivalent
Radial Recurrent
73
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS It is the most ____ of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS NERVES It pierces the CORACOBRACHIALIS, which it INNERVATES, and then it passes UNDER the biceps until it becomes cutaneous, passes the other side of the elbow and becomes the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ NERVE of the FOREARM
Lateral Lateral Cutaneous
74
MEDIAN NERVE Runs down the centre of the arm in concert with the BRACHIAL ARTERY on the ____ side of the biceps muscle It INNERVATES NOTHING at all in the ARM and passes in front of the elbow in the so-called ____ FOSSA
Medial Cubital
75
ULNAR NERVE Has ___ FUNCTION in the ARM It travels down the ARM _____ to pass behind the MEDIAL EPICONDYLE where, if struct, produces the "funny bone" sensation
No Medially
76
RADIAL NERVE The great ______ NERVE of the ARM and FOREARM It passes down the ARM on the _____ surface of the HUMERUS, in the SPINAL GROOVE deep to the triceps As it approaches the elbow, it moves to the front of the HUMERUS between the BRACHIALIS and _______ Before crossing the elbow, it bifurcates into the SUPERFICIAL (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) and the DEEP (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) NERVES, which enter the forearm
Extensor Posterior Brachioradialis Cutaneous Posterior Interosseous
