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Pysch 205 - Principles of Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are neurons?

A

Building blocks of the nervous system; a nerve cell specialized for communication.

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2
Q

How does communication between neurons occur?

A

Communication occurs via electrochemical action.

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3
Q

Where does the electrical activity occur?

A

Inside the neuron.

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4
Q

Where does the chemical activity occur?

A

Between the neurons.

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5
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemical messengers specialized for communication from neuron to neuron.

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6
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Selective attention, sleep, memory, arousal

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7
Q

What issue is connected to ACh?

A

Alzheimer’s disease. When neurons containing ACh are destroyed, it causes severe memory loss.

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8
Q

Dopamine

A

Movement, addiction, pleasure, motivation

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9
Q

What issue is connected to dopamine?

A

Parkinson’s disease.

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10
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood regulation, aggression

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11
Q

What does low levels of serotonin cause?

A

Depressive symptoms, aggression, and impulse control problems.

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12
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Attention, arousal, sleep.

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13
Q

What does low levels of norepinephrine cause?

A

Chronic fatigue and depression.

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14
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory, enhances learning and memory.

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15
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory, anxiety regulation

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16
Q

Anadamide

A

Appetite, motivation

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17
Q

What drug fits with anadamide receptors?

A

THC

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18
Q

Endorphins

A

Not actually a neurotransmitter, but:

Pain reduction, mood enhancing

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19
Q

Agonist

A

Drugs that mimic or increase the action of a neurotransmitter

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20
Q

Antagonist

A

Drugs that oppose or block the action of neurotransmitters

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21
Q

Hindbrain

A

Controls basic functions of life

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22
Q

Midbrain

A

Sensory relay station

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23
Q

Forebrain

A

Intellect, information processing

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24
Q

Corpus callocum

A

Structure that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain that allows them to communicate

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25
Frontal lobe
Motor function, memory, attention, control, planning, aggression, decision making, organization
26
Prefrontal cortex
Conscious thought, behavioural inhibition, planning, mood, personality expression
27
What kind of neurons does the frontal lobe have and what do they do?
Mirror neurons - activated by performing an action or seeing another person perform an action, involved in acquiring motor skills
28
Motor cortex
On the border between the frontal and parietal lobes, the body is mapped onto this strip of the cortex
29
Parietal lobes
Touch, perception of space | Info from left side is transferred to right side (and vice verse) via the parietal lobes
30
Somatosensory cortex
In parietal lobes | Body is mapped onto this strip of cortex
31
Temporal lobe
Hearing, understanding language, storing autobiographical memories, object recognition, facial recognition
32
Occipital lobe
Vision, visual information from each eye is sent to the opposite side of the brain
33
Basal ganglia
Control movement, source of dopamine
34
Limbic system
Emotional center, smell, motivation, memory
35
Thalamus
Sensory relay station for incoming sensory info
36
Hypothalamus
Regulates basic biological needs: fight/flight, hunger, thirst, sex, emotional behaviours (motivation to survive) 4 F's: fight, flight, food, fuck
37
Amyglada (in temporal lobe)
Fear, excitement, arousal
38
Hippocampus
Spatial and episodic memory, creation of new memories
39
Midbrain
Movement, tracking visual stimuli, sound reflexes
40
Brain stem
Basic bodily functions that keep us alive
41
Reticular activation system
Sleep/wake cycle, pain perception, attention
42
Cerebellum
Motor coordination
43
Pons
Sleep, source of norepinephrine
44
Medulla oblongata
Heartbeat, breathing, reflexes (sneezing, coughing, vomiting)
45
Spinal cord
Carries signals between brain and body
46
Afferent nerves
Take sensory info from body and give it to spinal cord and brain
47
Efferent nerves
Takes info from brain and gives it to body
48
Peripheral nervous system
Nerves that extend outside the central nervous system
49
Somatic nervous system (in PNS)
Controls voluntary movement
50
Autonomic nervous system (in PNS)
Involuntary functions of organs and glands (heart rate, respiration, digestion)
51
Sympathetic nervous system (in ANS)
Excitatory, fight/flight, anxiety and stress
52
Parasympathetic nervous system (in ANS)
Inhibitory, rest/digest, subdues anxiety and conserves bodily resources
53
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Monitors electrical activity. Examine sleep patterns and info processing
54
Lesioming
Brain damage caused by accident, stroke, or surgery
55
CT
X-rays to examine brain structure
56
PET
Radioactive material to asses functions of brain
57
MRI
Map brain structure using magnetic fields
58
FMRI
Measures blood flow and oxygen, assesses both structure and function
59
Lateralization
A function if specialized to a specific hemisphere
60
Left hemisphere
Language
61
Right hemisphere
Facial recognition
62
Broca's area
Speech production, grammatical structures in language, in motor cortex in left frontal lobe
63
Broca's Aphasia
Deficits in speech production (know what they're saying, can't get the words out)
64
Wernicke's area
Language comprehension
65
Wernicke's Aphasia
Deficits in understanding language
66
Prosopagnosia
Inability to recognize faces (viewing faces as objects)

Pysch 205 - Principles of Psychology (5 decks)

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