Chapter 3

Question 1

Nuclear family

Answer 1

Core family unit of husband, wife, and their child/children.

The nuclear family has traditionally been seen as the main provider of socialization for the young and as a preserver of cultural traditions.

Question 2

Single-parent family

Answer 2

A family that includes one parent, either biological or adoptive, who is solely responsible for the care of self and child or children (see Chapter 4).

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 57). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 3

Blended (i.e., remarried, step) family

Answer 3

A family created when two people marry and at least one of them was married previously and has a child or children (see Chapter 4).

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 57). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 4

Dual-career family:

Answer 4

families in which BOTH marital partners are engaged in WORK that is DEVELOPMENTAL in sequence and to which they have a high COMMITTMENT

A substantial number of these couples are known as DINKs (dual income, no kids).

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 57). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 5

spillover

Answer 5

The extent to which participation in one domain like work affects participation in another domain like the family

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 58). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 6

Child-free family

Answer 6

couples who consciously decide overtime to NOT HAVE children or who remain childfree as result of CHANCE (such as marrying late) or BIOLOGY(infertility).

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 58). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 7

Special-needs or developmentally disabled–child or children family

Answer 7

A family with a special-needs or developmentally disabled child

has many challenges, depending on whether the needs are a result of disabilities that are intellectual, physical, or both (Grossman & Okun, 2009).

Such families must continuously interact with outside systems, for example, medical, psychological, and special services.

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 58). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 8

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) family

Answer 8

This type of family is made up of a same-sex couple without children or with children from a previous marriage, adoption, or as a result of artificial insemination.

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 58). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 9

Aging family

Answer 9

one headed by someone 65 years old or older.

The issues are health, hardiness (i.e., control or personal efficacy), the transition to retirement, widowhood, sexual dysfunction, dealing with adult children, grandparenting, imparting wisdom, and the long-lived nature of the marriage

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 58). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 10

Multigenerational family

Answer 10

This type of family is made up of households that include a child, a parent, and a grandparent

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 59). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 11

Grandparent-headed family

Answer 11

taking care of their children’s children were doing so as a result of “their own child’s divorce, substance abuse, neglect or abandonment of parenting duties, teenage pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, unemployment, incarceration, or mental health problems”

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 59). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 12

Military family

Answer 12

face special problems due to the nature of the work military personnel perform and the frequency of moves that military families have to make. Every few years military families face the challenge of finding support, making adjustments, and building or rebuilding relationships and a sense of community

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 59). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 13

Health

Answer 13

the interactive process associated with positive relationships and outcomes.

Health involves ethical accountability, such as promoting good relationships and balancing the give and take among members

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 61). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 14

Eight healthy families characteristics:

Answer 14

1. COMMITMENT to the family and its individuals.
2. APPRECIATION for each other (i.e., a social connection).
3. Willingness to SPEND TIME TOGETHER
4. Effective COMMUNICATIONS patterns.
5. A high degree of RELIGIOUS/SPIRITUAL ORIENTATION
6. Ability to deal with a CRISIS POSITIVELY
7. ENCOURAGEMENT of individuals.
8. CLEAR ROLES

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 62). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 15

intergenerational coalitions

Answer 15

members from different generations, such as a mother and daughter, colluding as a team

Question 16

conflictual triangles

Answer 16

two individuals arguing over and interacting in regard to a third person instead of attending to their relationship

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 65). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 17

Vertical stressors

Answer 17

stressors that bring PAST and PRESENT issues to bear reciprocally, such as

family attitudes, expectations, secrets, and legacies.

These stressors are HISTORICAL and INHERITED from previous generations.

Question 18

Horizontal stressors

Answer 18

Stressors that are aspects of life that relate to the PRESENT that are DEVELOPMENTAL and UNFOLDING

Examples: cohabitation or marriage at an early age, teenage pregnancy, and financial insecurity.

Many are predictable and expected, including life cycle transitions

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 66). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 19

developmental stressors

Answer 19

age and life-stage related

Question 20

situational stressors

Answer 20

interpersonal, such as dealing with feelings

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 67). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 21

unexpected events in their life cycle

Answer 21

HAPPENSTANCE: an umbrella term used to refer to all the random, chance circumstances of life, some fortunate and others not

Physical/psychological TRAUMA: When events of chance or happenstance take an unusually destructive and life-threatening or life-ending turn, families may find themselves suffering the effects of physical or psychological trauma.

SUCCESS and FAILURE: both unsettling events for individuals and families.

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 69). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 22

Three common family organizational forms are

Answer 22

SYMMETRICAL / COMPLEMENTARY

CENTRIPETAL / CENTRIFUGAL

COHESIVE / ADAPTABLE

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 70). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 23

symmetrical relationship

Answer 23

relationship where each partner is versatile and tries to become competent in doing necessary or needed tasks

For example, either a man or a woman can work outside the home or take care of children.

This family organization is also known as a POSTGENDER relationship

Difficulty in a symmetrical relationship occurs when partners do not minimize differences and instead compete with each other, or when one member of the relationship is not skilled in performing a necessary task

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 70). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 24

complementary relationship

Answer 24

family member roles are defined more rigidly, and differences are maximized.

If members fail to do their tasks, other members of the family are adversely affected.

Sometimes this type of family is organized around traditional gender roles.

If these roles become stereotyped, the relationship’s stability and satisfaction will suffer

Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 70). Pe

Question 25

parallel relationships

Answer 25

both complementary and symmetrical exchanges occur as appropriate. Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 70). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 26

centripetal

Answer 26

(directed toward a center) is used to describe a tendency to move toward family closeness.

Question 27

centrifugal

Answer 27

(directed away from a center) is used to describe the tendency to move away from the family (i.e., family disengagement). In all families, periods of both closeness and distance occur during the individual and family life cycles. Some of these periods “coincide with shifts between family development tasks that require intense bonding or an inside-the-family focus,” such as in families with young children, and tasks that emphasize “personal identity and autonomy,” such as launching children Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 71). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 28

family cohesion

Answer 28

emotional bonding Cohesion ranges from low to high on the following four levels: (1) disengaged, (2) separated, (3) connected, and (4) enmeshed. Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 72). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 29

family adaptability

Answer 29

the ability to be flexible and change Adaptability ranges from a low to a high dimension on categories characterized as (1) rigid (2) structured (3) flexible (4) chaotic.

Question 30

Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES). Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 73). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Answer 30

This scale is based on the circumplex model of family functioning i.e. adaptability and cohesion

Question 31

Hill’s ABCX model

Answer 31

illustrates whether an event is a crisis A represents the STRESSOR EVENT that happens to the family, B represents the RESOURCES at the family’s disposal, and C represents the MEANING the family attaches to the experience. X is the COMBINED EFFECT of these factors (i.e., the crisis). Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 73). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 32

Double ABCX model

Answer 32

provides a theoretical framework for understanding the complex interaction between situations in a family that involve more than one event. builds on Hill’s ABCX model but focuses on family resolutions over time rather than those geared to a single happening. Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 74). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 33

Two levels of change can work for families, but they need to be employed at different times for different situations.

Answer 33

1. FIRST ORDER CHANGE: superficial nature. This type of change is appropriate in such situations. 2. SECOND ORDER CHANGE: The dynamics of second-order change result in a meta change, a changing of rules. In this process, a new set of rules and behaviors is introduced into the existing behavioral repertoire, often in an abrupt way (Burgess & Hinkle, 1993). The outcome is that a qualitatively new type of behavior appears. Gladding, Samuel T.. Family Therapy (p. 75). Pearson Education. Kindle Edition.