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Biology Honors > Chapter 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 and 4 Flashcards

0
Q

What is ecosphere

A

Ecosystem interacting

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1
Q

What is biosphere

A

consists of all life on earth and all parts of the earth in which life exists including, land, water and atmosphere

Simply the portion of the earth that supports life

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2
Q

What are the parts of biosphere

A

Hydro: water
Eco:
Atmo:
Litho:

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3
Q

What is biotic factors

A

All of living organism

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4
Q

What is abiotic

A

Non living

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5
Q

What is a species

A

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

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6
Q

What is population

A

A group of individual that belongs to the same species and live in the same area

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7
Q

What is community

A

Made up of several population

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8
Q

What is ecosystem

A

Interaction between population and their physical surrounding

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9
Q

What is biome

A

Is a group of ecosystem that share similar climates and typical organism

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10
Q

What is ecology

A

Is the scientific study of interaction among organisms and between organism and their physical environments

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11
Q

What methods are used in geological studies

A

Regardless of their tools modern ecologist use 3 methods in their work: observation, experimentation, and modeling each rely on scientific methodology to guide inquiry

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12
Q

What is heterophs

A

Need to consume other organism

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13
Q

What is autotrophs

A

They photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

Make their own foods

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14
Q

Who’s are primary producers

A

Primary producers are the first producers of energy rich compounds that are later used by other organism s

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15
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

Can capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions

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16
Q

What is chemosynthesis

A

Chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates

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17
Q

What are the steps of food chains

A

Producers: make there own food ( plants, plankton)
Primary: consumers feed on producers ( herbivores)
Secondary consumers: feed on primary consumer ( carnivores)

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18
Q

What is a food chain

A

Is a series of steps in which organism transfers energy by eating and being eaten

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19
Q

What is a food web

A

Network of feeding interaction, many food chains in one.

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20
Q

What is the tropic level

A

Each step in a food chain or food web is called a trophic level

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21
Q

What is the ecological pyramid

A 
Shows the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each trophich level in a given food chain or food web 
 Three types of pyramids: 
Pyramid of energy 
Pyramids of biomass
Pyramid of numbers
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22
Q

What is a biomass

A

The total amount of living tissues within a given trophic level

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23
Q

What is in the food pyramid

A

Producer, primary, consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary etc.

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24
Energy flow????
Energy flows in one direction and is not recycled, it's passes on only 10% is taken In each time
25
How does matter move through the biosphere
Unlike the one- way flow of energy, MATTER is recycled within and between ecosystem
26
What is bio geochemical cycles
Elements pass from one organism to another and among parts of the biosphere through closed loops
27
What is biological process
Consists of any and all activities performed by living organism , these process includes breathing, burning food and eliminating waste products
28
What is geological process
Includes volcano eruptions the formation oaks breaking down of rocks and major movements of matter within and below the suface of earth
29
What is chemical and physical process
Includes the formation of clouds and participation, flow of water and action In Lightning
30
What is human activity
Affect the globally by clearing forest, burning fossil fuel
31
What is the water cycle
Participation, condensation, transpiration, evaporation, filtration, runoff,
32
How does biochemical cycle work ( nutrients cycle)
Co2, photosynthesis, respiration, co2 decomposes
33
What is nitrogen fixation
Bacteria converts nitrogen gas into ammonia
34
What is denitrification
Bacteria obtains energy by converting nitrates into nitrogen gas which is released into the atmosphere
35
What is limiting nutrients
A single essential nutrients is in short supply, primary productivity will be limited the nutrients whose apply limits productivity
36
What is weather
Is the day to day condition of earths atmosphere
37
What is climate
Average conditions over long period of time year after year climate pattern
38
What is the green house affect
Function like glass in a greenhouse, allowing visible light to enter but trapping heat
39
What is tolerance in science ???
The ability to survive and reproduce under a range of environmental circumstances
40
What is habitat
The general place where an organism lives
41
What is niche
Is the range of physical and biological condition in which a species lives and the way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce
42
What is competitive exclusion principle
States that no two species can occupy exactly the same habitat at the same time.
43
What is herbivory
Can affects both the size and distrution of plant population in a community and determine the place that certain plants can survive and grow
44
What is keystone species
Change in the population of a single species.
45
What is symbiosis
Living together, any relationship in which two species live closely toegether.
46
What is mutualism
The type relationship between species in which both benifits each other.
47
What is parasitism
Where one organism is harmed and one is benefitted
48
What is commensalism
Wher one organism is benifits and one is neither helped or harmed
49
Water cycle the movement of water from atmosphere back to earth true or false
True
50
Carbon cycle
Produced by animals and burning of fossil fuel used by plants
51
What is ecological succession
A series of more or less predictable changes that occurs Ina community over time
52
What is primary succession.
Succession that begins in an area with no remnants of an older community
53
What is pioneer species
First species to colonize barren area
54
What is secondary succession
Where a disturbance affect the community without completely destroying it
55
What is the photic zone
The sunlit region near the surface in which photosynthesis can occur
56
What is the aphotic zone
Below the photic zone , where photosynthesis can not occur
57
What is benthic zone
Where it's in the bottom and chemosynthesis happen
58
What is a wetland
Is an ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for at least part of the year
59
What is a estuary
A special type of wet land where a river meets the sea
60
1. Shelf 2. Slope 3. Rise First three in photic zone!!!!!!!!! 4. Abssyal plain lack of light and there is pressure 5. Trench In the aphotic zone!!!! 6. Benthos zone no light, lie freezing temperature and high pressure
True
61
What is climax species
No predator , take down completion
62
What is aquatic organism affected by
Water depth, temp, flow, amount of dissolved nutrients
63
Which is considered as fresh water
Rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, wetland
64
What is considered as estuary
Mixed fresh and salt water important fish nursery ground
65
The whole process of study of ecology
``` 1. Biome / \ Abiotic biotic / Habitat ------community / Population--- species / Organisms ```
66
An ecologist who is studing a group of ecosystem that have similar climates and are home to similar organism is studying ________
bioem
67
Ecologist can make _____ using ecological models
Predictions
68
Producers release _______ into the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis
Oxygen
69
Scientist classify the nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus and water cycle as
Bio geochemical cycles
70
The burning of fossil fuel and photosynthesis are part of the _____ cycle
Carbon
71
Aquatic ecosystem can receive a large input of limiting nutrients from the runoff from heavy fertilized fields
True

Biology Honors (9 decks)

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