Chapter 3: Cell Biology (Cell Structure) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 3: Cell Biology (Cell Structure) Deck (16)
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1
Q

state the composition and function(2) of: the plasma/cell membrane

A

composition:
phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
function:
defines cell boundary; regulates molecule passage into and out of the cell

2
Q

state the composition and function of: mitochondria

A
composition: 
inner membrane (cristae) bounded by an outer membrane, eukaryotic membranous organelle
function: 
cellular respiration, breakdown of carbohydrates to produce ATP molecules
3
Q

state the composition and function of: endoplasmic reticulum

A

composition:
complicated system of membranous flattened channels, tubular canals, and sacs
function:
synthesis and/or modification of proteins and other substances, and distribution by vesicle formation

4
Q

state the composition and function of: smooth ER

A

composition:
network of folded membranes having no ribosomes
function:
various functions; lipid synthesis in some cells

5
Q

state the composition and function of: rough ER

A

composition:
network of folded membranes studded with ribosomes
function:
folding, modification, and transport of proteins

6
Q

state the composition and function of: ribosomes

A

composition:
protein and RNA in two subunits
function:
responsible for synthesis of proteins using mRNA template

7
Q

state the composition and function of: Golgi apparatus

A

composition:
stack of small membranous sacs
function:
shipping centre of the cell that collects, processes, packages and distributes materials such as proteins and lipids

8
Q

state the composition and function of: vesicles

A

composition:
tiny membranous sacs within endomembrane system of a cell
function:
storage and transportation of substances

9
Q

state the composition and function of: vacuoles

A

composition:
large membranous sacs found within cells
function:
storage of substances

10
Q

state the composition and function of: lysosomes

A

composition:
membrane-bound vesicles produced by Golgi apparatus; contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes
function:
intracellular digestion

11
Q

state the composition and function of: nuclear envelope

A

composition:
double membrane
function:
separate nucleus from cytoplasm in the cell

12
Q

state the composition and function of: nucleus

A

composition:
nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleoli
function:
storage of genetic information; synthesis of DNA and RNA

13
Q

state the composition and function of: nucleolus/nucleoli

A

composition:
concentrated areas of chromatin, RNA, and proteins
function:
where rRNA is produced and joins with proteins to form subunits of ribosomes

14
Q

state the composition and function of: chromosomes

A

composition:
highly condensed structures of coiled chromatin
function:
present when cell is ready to undergo cell division

15
Q

describe the functional interrelationships of the following cell structures: ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, transport vesicles, Golgi body, cell membrane

A

The ribosome, on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, produces proteins. The proteins are then packaged into transport vesicles and sent to the Golgi body. At the Golgi body, the proteins are sorted and repackaged into secretory vesicles, which head to the cell membrane. The proteins are secreted from the cell through exocytosis.

16
Q

describe the functional interrelationships of the following cell structures: vesicles, cell membrane, lysosome, Golgi body

A

A vesicle forms as a result of the invagination of the cell membrane. In the cytoplasm, the vesicle fuses with a lysosome that is produced by the Golgi body. The hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome break down the contents of the vesicle.