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Anatomy > Chapter 3 - Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Cells Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three basic cell parts

A

Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

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2
Q

What houses the genetic material and controls cellular functions

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

What encloses the cell

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

What fills out the cell

A

The cytoplasm

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5
Q

What are specialized structures within the cytoplasm called

A

Organelles

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6
Q

What does it mean to be selectively permeable

A

It allowed certain substances to pass through it and excludes other substances

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7
Q

What is selectively permeable in the cell

A

The cell membrane

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8
Q

What does the double layer of phospholipid molecules form

A

A fluid film

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9
Q

What does the interior layer of the bilayer allow to pass through

A

CO2 and oxygen

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10
Q

What water-soluble molecules can not penetrate the layers of the bilayer

A

Amino acids, sugars, and proteins

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11
Q

What is embedded in the bilayers that span the cell membrane

A

Protein molecules

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12
Q

What is the gel-like material in which organelles are suspended that makes up most of the cell’s volume

A

The cytoplasm

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13
Q

What is the framework of the cell

A

The cytoskeleton

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14
Q

What is the cytoskeleton made up of

A

Protein rods and tubules

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15
Q

What organelle transports materials from one part of the cytoplasm to another

A

The endoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

What are responsible for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

What are all ribosomes composed of

A

Protein and RNA molecules

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18
Q

What is involved in the packaging of proteins for secretion outside the cell, and what is the process called??

A

Golgi apparatus and exocytosis

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19
Q

What are the major sites of chemical reactions that release energy into the cell in the form of ATP, the chemical form of energy that the cell easily uses

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

What are known as the garbage disposals of the cell

A

Lysosomes

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21
Q

What two things do the enzymes of lysosomes do

A

Digest bacteria and damaged cell parts

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22
Q

What houses enzymes that speed up a variety of biochemical reactions (abundant in liver and kidneys)

A

Peroxisomes

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23
Q

What are the rods of protein that form the cytoskeleton and provide for cell movement

A

Microfilaments

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24
Q

What are long, slender tubes with larger diameters than microfilaments

A

Microtubules

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25
What two things are used in locomotion
Cilia and flagella
26
What is located on the surface of epithelial cells that are hairlike projections and move in a wavelike motion
Cilia
27
What are singular projections that act as a tail
Flagella
28
What are membrane sacs formed by part of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching org that contains various substances that recently entered the cell
Vesicles
29
The nucleus houses what the directs all cell activity
DNA
30
The nucleus contains a fluid called what that suspends the nucleolus and the chromatin
The nucleoplasm
31
What is composed largely of rna and protein and where ribosomes are formed
Nucleolus
32
What consists of loosely coiled fibers of DNA and protein that condense to form chromosomes
Chromatin
33
What is the nucleus enclosed in
Nuclear envelope
34
What is that movement of materials form an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
35
What is the difference in concentration known as
Concentration gradient
36
What is it known as when molecules become uniformly distributed
Equilibrium
37
What is the energy required for movement called
Active mechanism
38
What is it called when no energy is required
Passive mechanism
39
substances that are not able to pass through the lipid bilayer need help of membrane proteins in a process called what
Facilitated diffusion
40
Non-soluble materials are moved by a what
Carrier molecule
41
What is a special case of diffusion where water moves across a semipermeable membrane from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
Osmosis
42
Any fluid that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluid is called what
Isotonic
43
The osmotic pressure of fluids inside and outside the cell is what
The same
44
Solutions with a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids are called what
Hypertonic
45
If cells are put into a what solution they will have a lower osmotic pressure and water will move into the cell causing it to swell
Hypotonic
46
What is an example of filtration
Coffee using the drip method
47
What is a process that will force molecules through membranes
Filtration
48
What is created by the weight of the water on the paper due to gravity and forces the water molecules through to the other side
Hydrostatic pressure
49
What is the process that moves particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
Active transport
50
What molecules are used in active transport
Carrier molecules (proteins)
51
What moves particles into the cell using a vessel
Endocytosis
52
What method is used when particles are too large? (endocytosis or exocytosis)
Endocytosis
53
What is the reverse process of endocytosis
Exocytosis
54
What is it called when cells take in large liquid molecules
Pinocytosis
55
When cells take in large molecules of solids it is called what
Phagocytosis
56
What happens when a particle has been phagocytized into a cell
A lysosome attaches to it and releases digestive enzymes and decomposes it
57
What must a cell do before it divides
Grow and duplicate much of its contents to prepare for cell division
58
What is the period of preparedness before cell division called
Interphase
59
What does the cell obtain during interphase and utilize to manufacture new living material
Nutrients
60
What is the division of the nucleus of the cell known as
Mitosis
61
What is the division of the cytoplasm called
Cytokinesis
62
All cells divide by mitosis except for what
Sex cells and red blood cells
63
What does cell division result in
New cells containing identical DNA and chromosomes of the patent cells
64
The process by which cells develop unique characteristics in structure and function is called what
Differentiation
65
The cell cycle order
Interphase to prophase to metaphase to anaphase to telephase

Anatomy (5 decks)

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