Chapter 3 - Culture Flashcards
(28 cards)
Counterculture (p. 74)
is a group that sternly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles.
Culture (p. 57)
is the knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society.
Cultural Imperialism (p. 77)
the extensive infusion of one nation’s culture into other nations.
Cultural Lag (p. 70)
a gap between that technical development of a society and its moral and legal institutions
Cultural Relativism (p. 75)
the belief that the behaviours and customs of any culture must be viewed and analyzed by the culture’s own standard.
Cultural Universal (p. 62)
customs and practices that occur across all societies.
Cultural Shock (p. 74)
is the disorientation the people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own.
Diffusion (p. 71)
is the transmission of cultural items or social practices form one group or society to another.
Discovery (p. 70)
is the process of learning about something previously unknown or unrecognized.
Ethnocentrism (p. 75)
the tendency to regard one’s own culture and group as the standard, and thus superior, whereas all other groups are seen as inferior.
Folkways (p. 69)
are informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture.
Ideal culture (p. 69)
refers to the values and standards of behaviour that people in a society profess to hold.
invention (p. 71)
is the process of reshaping existing cultural items into a new form.
language (p. 64)
is a set if symbols that expresses ideas and enables people to think and communicate with one and other.
laws (p. 70)
are formal, standardized norms that have been enacted by legislatures and are enforced by formal sanctions.
material culture (p. 61)
consists of the physical or tangible creations that members of a society make, use, and share.
mores (p. 69)
are strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that may not be violated without serious consequences in a particular culture.
nonmaterial culture (p. 61)
consists of the abstract or intangible human creations of society that influence people’s behaviour.
norms (p. 69)
are established rules of behaviour or standard of conduct.
real culture (p. 69)
refers to the value and standards of behaviour that people do follow.
sanctions (p. 69)
are rewards for appropriate behaviour or penalties for inappropriate behaviour.
Sapir - Whorf hypothesis (p. 64)
language shapes the view of reality of its speakers.
Language not only expresses our thoughts an perceptions, but also influences our perception of reality.
subculture (p. 73)
is a group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviours that differ in some significant way form that of larger society.
symbol (p. 63)
is anything that meaningfully represents something else.
