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Brain and Behaviour > Chapter 3: Divisions of the Brain > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Divisions of the Brain Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Telencephalon: Forebrain

A

largest division of the brain, mediates its most complex functions, initiates movement and complex cognitive processes

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2
Q

Diencephalon: Forebrain

A

composed of two structures:

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3
Q

Thalamus

A

large, two lobed structure, comprises many pairs of nuclei which project to the cortex, involved in motor control, auditory, somatosensory, visual sensory signals, relays signals to cerebral cortex

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4
Q

Massa Intermedia

A

joins the two thalamus lobes

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5
Q

Sensory Relay Nuclei

A

receive signals from sensory receptors, process and transmit to appropriate areas of the cortex

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6
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nuclei

A

visual relay system

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7
Q

Media Geniculate Nuclei

A

auditory relay system

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8
Q

Ventral Posterior Nuclei

A

somatosensory relay system

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9
Q

Hypothalamus

A

located below thalamus, regulates several motivated behaviours (sleep, eating, sex, exerts effects through regulation of the pituitary gland

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10
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

dangles from the ventral surface of the brain

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11
Q

Optic Chiasm

A

point at which the optic nerves from each eye come together

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12
Q

Mammillary bodies

A
  • pair of spherical nuclei located on the inferior surface of the hypothalamus, behind the pituitary
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13
Q

Mesencephalon: Midbrain

A

a

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14
Q

Tectum

A

(roof) dorsal surface of the midbrain, composed of two pairs of colliculi

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15
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A

Auditory function

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16
Q

Superior Colliculi

A

visual function

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17
Q

Tegmentum

A

division of the mesencephalon ventral to the tectum, contains three colorful structures:

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18
Q

Periaqueductal gray

A

gray matter situated around the cerebral aqueduct

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19
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

the duct connecting the third and fourth ventricles, mediates the pain reducing (analgesic) effects of opiate drugs

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20
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

component of the sensorimotor system

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21
Q

Red Nucleus

A

component of the sensorimotor system

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22
Q

Metencephalon: Hindbrain

A

a

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23
Q

Pons

A

Arousal, control of autonomic functions, relay of sensory info between the cerebrum and cerebellum

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24
Q

Cerebellum

Study These Flashcards
A

(little brain) sensorimotor structure, affects ability to control movements

25
Myelencephalon: Hindbrain
Medulla, composed of tracts carrying signals between the rest of the brain and the body
26
Reticular Formation
- complex network of 100 nuclei that occupies the central core of the brain stem, involved with arousal and various reflexes
27
Encephalon
within the head
28
Brain Stem
the stem on which the cerebral hemispheres sit
29
Cerbral Cortex
Part of the telencephalon, involved in most complex brain functions
30
Fissures
large furrows in a convoluted cortex
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Sulci
small furrows in a convoluted cortex
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Longitudinal Fissure
the fissure which separates the cerebral hemispheres (right and left)
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Cerebral Commissures
tracts which connect the cerebral hemispheres
34
Corpus Callosum
largest commissure
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Central Fissure
- Runs down the centre of the brain parallel to the face, divides the Frontal and Parietal Lobes
36
Lateral Fissure
divides the Frontal and Temporal Lobes
37
Brain Lobes
- used as distinctions for different parts of the brain, they are not functional units
38
Frontal Lobe
motor function and complex cognitive functions (planning, patterns of behaviour) Front of the cortex
39
Precentral Gyrus
motor function
40
Parietal Lobe
perception of location of both objects and our own bodies, directing our attention, analysis of sensations from the body
41
Postcentral Gyrus
analysis of sensations from the body
42
Temporal Lobe
hearing and language, complex visual patterns, certain kinds of memory Lobe above the ears
43
Superior Temporal Gyrus
hearing and language
44
Occipital Lobe
Analyses visual input to guide behaviour Back of cortex `
45
Neocortex
six layered cortex of relatively recent evolution I. Axons and dendrites, few cell bodies II. Densely packed stellate cells, few small pyramidal cells III. Loosely Packed stellate cells, intermediate sized pyramidal cells IV. Bands of densely packed stellate cells, no pyramid cells V. Very large pyramidal cells, few loosely packed stellate cells VI. pyramidal cells of various sizes, loosely packed stellate cells
46
Pyramidal
large multipolar neurons with pyramid shaped cell bodies and a large apical dendrite that extends from the apex of the pyramid toward the cortex surface
47
Stellate Cells
small star-shaped interneurons with a short or no axon
48
Columnar Organization
neurons in a given vertical column of neocortex often form a mini-circuit that performs a single function
49
Limbic System
a circuit of midline structures that circle the thalamus (limbic = ring), involved in the four F's of motivation; fleeing, feeding, fighting and fucking
50
Hippocampus
important for some kinds of memory, especially spatial location
51
Amygdala
processing of emotions, fear | almond shaped nucleus in the anterior temporal lobe
52
Cingulate Cortex
large strip of cortex in the cingulate gyrus, executive function, respiration
53
Fornix
major tract of limbic system, circles the dorsal thalamus, carries signals from hippocampus to hypothalamus
54
Septum
midline nucleus at anterior tip of the cingulate cortex, connects to amygdala and hippocampus
55
Basal Ganglia
control of voluntary motor movements, learning, habits, eye movements, cognition and emotion, involved in Parkinson's Disease
56
Caudate
(tail like) forms almost a complete circle
57
Putamen
centre of caudate
58
Striatum
striped structure
59
Globus Pallidus
medial to the putamen, between putamen and thalamus

Brain and Behaviour (5 decks)

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