Chapter 3 - Emergency Procedures

Question 1

LAND IMMEDIATELY

Answer 1

The urgency of landing is paramount. Primary consideration is to assure survival of the occupants. Landing in water, trees or other unsafe areas should be considered only as a last resort.

Question 2

LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE (LAND ASAP)

Answer 2

Land without delay at the nearest adequate site (i.e. open field) at which a safe approach and landing can be made.

Question 3

LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Answer 3

The landing site and duration of flight are at the discretion of the pilot. Extended flight beyond the nearest approved landing area where appropriate assistance can be expected is not recommended.

Question 4

BAT TEMP

Warning Light

Answer 4

On Ground:

1. BAT MSTR sw - OFF

2 . Engines - Shut Down

Caution

Battery Must Be Inspected or replaced Prior to Next Flight

In Flight: Single Pilot Operation

1. BAT MSTR sw** - **OFF
2. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
3. Engine shutdown – Perform
4. Visual inspection of battery – Perform

If visual inspection reveals no indication of battery overheating:

5. Start-up procedure – Perform
6. BAT MSTR sw – OFF

NOTE

Continue flight in VMC only. On CAD the BAT DISCON caution will appear.

7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

In Flight: Dual pilot operation

1. BAT MSTR sw – OFF
2. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE​
3. Pilot remaining on seat – “Hands on”
4. Engines – Leave running in IDLE
5. Visual inspection of battery – Perform

NOTE

Continue flight (VMC) only if visual inspection reveals no indication of battery overheating. Leave battery OFF or disconnect battery. On CAD the BAT DISCON caution will appear.

6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 5

ENG 1 FAIL or ENG 2 FAIL

Warning Lights

Answer 5

1. OEI flight condition** – **Establish
2. Affected engine** – **Identify
3. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform
4. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 6

FIRE (engine 1) or FIRE (engine 2)

Warning Lights

Answer 6

On Ground:

1. FIRE sw (affected engine) – Raise guard, press

NOTE

Affected engine will shut down automatically, ACTIVE indicatior light, BOT 1 legend (both EMER OFF SW pnl), and F VALVE CL caution indication (CAD) come on. FIRE legend remains on as long as overheat condition exists.

2. Both FUEL PRIME PUMPS – Check OFF
3. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb – Press; bottle 1 activated - EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW pnl)

NOTE

Extinguisher bottle will begin discharging when N1t 50%. After discharge of bottle contents, BOT 1 legend and EXT indicatior light go off; BOT 2pb legend comes on.

4. Clock stop watch – Start (after BOT 1 legend and EXT indicator light go off (EMER OFF SW pnl)
5. Double engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform
6. Passengers – Alert/Evacuate

If situation permits and FIRE warning is still on after 1 minute:

7. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb – Press; bottle 2 activated - EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW pnl)
8. BAT MSTR sw – OFF

In Flight :

1. OEI flight condition** – **Establish
2. Airspeed – Reduce if IAS is exceeding** **100** **kts
3. FIRE sw (affected engine)** – **Raise guard, press

NOTE

Affected engine will shut down automatically, ACTIVE indicatior light, BOT 1 legend (both EMER OFF SW pnl), and F VALVE CL caution indication (CAD) come on. FIRE legend remains on as long as overheat condition exists.

4. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb – Press; bottle 1 activated - EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW** **pnl)

NOTE

Extinguisher bottle will begin discharging when N1t 50%. After discharge of bottle contents, BOT 1 legend and EXT indicatior light go off; BOT 2pb legend comes on.

5. Clock** **stop watch** – **Start (after BOT 1 legend and EXT indicator light go off (EMER OFF SW** **pnl)
6. Affected engine** – **Identify
7. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform
8. Passengers – Alert
9. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

If FIRE warning is still on after 1 minute:

10. BOT 1/BOT 2 pb** – **Press; bottle 2 activated - EXT indicator light comes on (EMER OFF SW** **pnl)

If FIRE warning remains on:

11. LAND IMMEDIATELY

Question 7

LOW FUEL 1 and/or LOW FUEL 2

Warning Lights

Answer 7

1. Fuel quantity indication – Check

If positive fuel indication in the main tank:

2. Both fuel pump XFER sw (Fwd + Aft) – Check ON
3. Both fuel pump XFER circuit breakers (Fwd + Aft) – Check in

If both FUEL LOW warning lights remain on:

4. LAND WITHIN 10 MINUTES

If one FUEL LOW warning light remains on:

4. Expect single engine failure

Question 8

ROTOR RPM

Warning Light

Answer 8

1. Rotor RPM indicator** – **Check
2. Collective lever** – **Adjust as necessary to maintain N_RO within normal range

Question 9

XMSN OIL

Warning Light

Answer 9

If one XMSN oil pressure indication is below 1.0 bar:

1. Power** – **Reduce
2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

If both indications are below 1.0 bar:

3. LAND IMMEDIATELY

NOTE

Descend with minimum power

Question 10

ENG CHIP (system 1) or ENG CHIP (system 2)

Caution Indications

Answer 10

On Ground:

1. Affected engine – Identify
2. Single engine emergency shutdown – Perform

In Flight :

1. OEI flight condition – Establish
2. Affected engine** – **Identify

First Alternative:

3. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform

Second Alternative:

3. Twist grip (affected engine)** – **Rotate slowly to IDLE, check indications

Caution

The second alternative enables the crew to use the affected engine for landing if necessary. Be prepared for engine failure. Monitor N1, TOT, Torque, Oil Pressure, and Temperature of affected engine closely. If the parameters fluctuate or their limits are exceeded perform single engine emergency shutdown immediately.

4. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 11

ENG OIL P (system 1) or ENG OIL P (system 2)

Caution Indications

Answer 11

1. Engine oil pressure** – **Check
2. OEI flight condition** – **Establish
3. Affected engine** – **Identify
4. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform
5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 12

FUEL FILT (system 1) and/or FUEL FILT (system 2)

Caution Indications

Answer 12

One caution indication:

LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Caution

Be Prepared For Single Engine Failure.

Both caution indications:

LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

Caution

Be Prepared For Double Engine Failure.

Question 13

GEN DISCON (system 1) or GEN DISCON (system 2)

Caution Indications

Answer 13

NOTE

Depending on the cause of the GEN DISCON, when switching off both BUSTIE switches the GEN DISCON indication could switch to the opposite side or both generators could come on with Voltage < 28.2 V or > 28.8 V, Current < 0 A or > 200 A. In this case still continue with procedure as stated.

1. DC VOLTS, GEN AMPS** – **Check

If one or both parameters: Voltage < 28.2 V or > 28.8 V, Current < 0 A or > 200 A

2. Both BUSTIE** **sw’s** – **OFF (both BUSTIE OPN cautions present)

If voltage > 30.5 V:

3. Both GEN** **sw’s** – **OFF (both GEN DISCON cautions present)
4. Generator failure isolation – Peform, refer to para 3.7.1

If Voltage = 28.5 “ 0.3 V (system supplied by at least one generator)

3. GEN sw (affected generator) – OFF
4. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

If Voltage = 28.5 “ 0.3 V and Current = 0 A - 200 A (system supplied by at least one generator):

2. GEN sw (affected generator) – OFF
3. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Caution

Since one fuel transfer pump is powered by the shed bus, the amount of unusable fuel increases above that stated in section 2 when problem is identified on SYS1 side, BUSTIE 1 is opened and GEN 1 remains off.

When gen 2 is disconnected and both BUSTIE sw are off, the radalt function is lost which will reduce capabilities of the autopilot, as the auto level off function will be lost.

NOTE

Systems on SHED BUS of affected side will be lost once BUSTIE switches are OFF. Furthermore the other SHED BUS will be lost when both GEN switches are off resulting in various cautions, indicating these systems are failed.

One generator alone will provide sufficient power for continued flight until safe landing can be made.

If winch operation is required for safety of flight, the BUSTIE 1 switch can be momentarily switched to RESET, then NORM, winch operation attempted and when finished the BUSTIE 1 switch must be turned OFF again.

Question 14

GEN DISCON (system 1) and GEN DISCON (system 2)

Caution Indications

Answer 14

1. GEN AMPS** – **Check

If GEN AMPS < 0 A:

2. Both BUSTIE** **sw’s** – **OFF (both BUSTIE OPN cautions present)

If both generators remain offline after turning BUS TIE sw’s OFF:

3. Generator failure isolation – Peform, refer to para 3.7.1

If one generator comes online again after turning BUS TIE sw’s OFF:

3. GEN sw (failed generator) – OFF
4. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

If GEN AMPS > 0 A:

Note

If GEN AMPS > 0 A this could mean the generator is actually functioning. Still continue procedure as stated.

2. Generator failure isolation – Peform, refer to para 3.7.1

Caution

Since one fuel transfer pump is powered by the shed bus, the amount of unusable fuel increases above that stated in section 2 when problem is identified on SYS1 side, BUSTIE 1 is opened and GEN 1 remains off.

When GEN 2 remains disconnected and both BUSTIE sw are off, the RADALT is lost which will reduce capabilities of the autopilot, as the auto level off function will be lost.

Note

The battery will supply the ESS BUS 1 and 2.

Systems on SHED BUS of affected side will be lost once BUSTIE switches are OFF. Furthermore the other SHED BUS will be momentarily lost when both GEN switches are off resulting in various cautions, indicating these systems are failed.

If winch operation is required for safety of flight, the BUSTIE 1 switch can be momentarily switched to RESET, then NORM, winch operation attempted and when finished the BUSTIE 1 switch must be turned OFF again.

Flight endurance depends on battery type and loading

Question 15

GEN OVHT (system 1) or GEN OVHT (system 2)

Caution Indications

Answer 15

1. Affected GEN sw – OFF

Caution

If GEN OVHT Caution Indication Remains on and if there are indications of a fire such as burning odor or smoke, shut down the affected engine.

If GEN OVHT caution indication remains on for more than 1 minute:

2. OEI flight condition** – **Establish
3. Affected engine** – **Identify
4. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform
5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 16

XMSN OIL T (misc)

Caution Indication

Answer 16

1. XMSN oil temperature and oil pressure indication** – **Check

If indications are within limits:

2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

If indications are above limit:

2. Power** – **Reduce, as much as possible

If oil temperature indication remains above limit:

3. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

Question 17

Single Engine Failure - Hover IGE

Answer 17

1. Collective lever** – **Adjust to OEI limits or below
2. Landing attitude** – **Establish
3. Collective lever** – **Raise as necessary to stop descent and cushion landing

After landing:

4. Affected engine** – **Identify
5. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform

Question 18

Single Engine Failure - Hover OGE

Answer 18

1. Collective lever** – **Adjust to maintain rotor RPM
2. Airspeed** – **Increase if possible

FORCED LANDING

3. Landing attitude** – **Establish
4. Collective lever** – **Raise as necessary to stop descent and cushion landing

After landing:

5. Affected engine** – **Identify
6. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform

TRANSITION TO OEI - FLIGHT

3. Collective lever** – **Adjust to OEI-limits or below
4. Rotor speed** – **Trim to maximum
5. Airspeed** – **Gain, 65 KIAS (V_Y)

After reaching safe altitude:

6. Collective lever** – **Reduce to OEI MCP or below
7. Affected engine** – **Identify
8. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform
9. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 19

Single Engine Failure - Takeoff

Answer 19

1. Collective lever** – **Adjust to maintain rotor RPM

REJECTED TAKEOFF

2. Landing attitude** – **Establish
3. Collective lever** – **Raise as necessary to stop descent and cushion landing

After landing:

4. Affected engine** – **Identify
5. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform

TRANSITION TO OEI - FLIGHT

2. Collective lever** – **Adjust to OEI-limits or below
3. Rotor speed** – **Trim to maximum
4. Airspeed** – **Gain, 65 KIAS (V_Y)

After reaching safe altitude:

5. Collective lever** – **Reduce to OEI MCP or below
6. Affected engine** – **Identify
7. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform
8. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 20

Single Engine Failure - Flight

Answer 20

1. OEI flight condition** – **Establish
2. Rotor speed** – **Trim to maximum
3. Affected engine** – **Identify
4. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform
5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 21

Single Engine Failure - Approach

Answer 21

1. Rotor speed** – **Trim to maximum
2. Single engine landing procedure** – **Perform

After landing:

3. Affected engine** – **Identify
4. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform

Question 22

Single Engine Emergency Shutdown

Answer 22

1. Twist grip (affected engine**) – **Rotate slowly to IDLE, check indications, then to OFF

Bleed air heating (if installed) will be shut down automatically, however, depending on power margin of the remaining engine, may be re–engaged as follows:

2. BLD HTG EMER/NORM sw – EMER
3. BLD HTG rheostat – ON

Question 23

Engine Overspeed – Driveshaft Failure

Answer 23

1. OEI flight condition** – **Establish
2. Affected engine** – **Identify
3. Single engine emergency shutdown** – **Perform
4. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 24

Engine Overspeed – Governor Failure

Answer 24

1. Collective lever** – **Raise as necessary to maintain N₂ and N_RO within limits
2. VAR N_R system NORM/MAN** **sw** – **Check MAN
3. N₂ TRIM** **sw** – **Try to trim N_RO to 101% with matched torque

If step 3. is not possible:

4. Affected engine** – **Identify
5. Twist grip (affected engine)** – **Rotate towards IDLE until N₂ and N_RO stabilize in normal range and FLI needles match
6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Approach and landing recommendations:

Make normal power changes to allow the normal engine to operate within limits. If more collective input is needed, adjust power of the affected engine using twist grip.

After landing: Rotate twist grip (affected engine) towards IDLE before lowering the collective lever to full-down position (maintain N_RO and N₂ within limits).

Caution

N₂ RPM over 123.1% may result in an engine overspeed trip (automatic shutdown).

Question 25

EngineUnderspeed – Governor Failure

Answer 25

1. **_OEI flight condition**_ – _**Establish_** 2. **_Bleed air consumers**_ – _**Off_** 3. **_VAR N_R system NORM/MAN**_ _**pb**_ – _**Check MAN_** 4. **_Affected engine**_ – _**Identify_** 5. **_N₂ TRIM**_ _**sw**_ – _**Compensate N₂/NRO drop and try to match torque_** If torque match is not possible: 6. **_Twist grip (affected engine)**_ – _**Release**_ _**stop**_ _**plate and rotate towards FLIGHT until N2 and NRO stabilize in normal range and FLI needles match_** 7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If no residual torque (affected engine) is available: 8. **_Single engine emergency shutdown**_ – _**Perform_** Approach and landing recommendations: Make normal power changes to allow the normal engine to operate within limits. If more collective input is needed, adjust power of the affected engine using twist grip.. **After landing**: Rotate twist grip (affected engine) towards IDLE before lowering the collective lever to full-down position (maintain N_RO and N₂ within limits). **Caution** N2 RPM over 123.1% may result in an engine overspeed trip (automatic shutdown).

Question 26

Compressor Stall

Answer 26

1. **_Collective lever**_ – _**Lower_** 2. **_Engine instruments**_ – _**Monitor_** 3. **_Collective lever**_ – _**Raise slowly_** If compressor stall returns: 4. **_Affected engine**_ – _**Identify (TOT)_** 5. **_Single engine emergency shutdown**_ – _**Perform_** 6. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 27

Droop Compensation Failure

Answer 27

**Note** Avoid large collective lever changes. 1. **_Collective lever**_ – _**Maintain N_RO within limits_** 2. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 28

Engine Oil Temperature High

Answer 28

1. **_OEI flight condition**_ – _**Establish_** 2. **_Affected engine**_ – _**Identify_** 3. **_Twist grip (affected engine)**_ – _**Adjust to 20–30% torque (TWIST GRIP caution indication comes on)_** 4. **_Oil temperature indicator (affected**_ _**engine)**_ – _**Monitor_** If engine oil temperature decreases below limit: 5. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE If engine oil temperature still remains above limit: 6. **_Single engine emergency shutdown**_ – _**Perform_** 7. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

Question 29

Double Engine Failure - Hover IGE

Answer 29

1. **_Right pedal**_ – _**Apply as necessary to stop yaw_** 2. **_Landing attitude**_ – _**Establish_** 3. **_Collective lever**_ – _**Raise as necessary to cushion landing_**

Question 30

Double Engine Failure - Flight

Answer 30

**_Autorotation_** - **_Perform_**

Question 31

Double Engine Emergency Shutdown

Answer 31

_On Ground_: 1. **_Both Twist grips**_ – _**OFF_** 2. **_Both FUEL PRIME PUMP**_ _**sw**_ – _**OFF_** 3. **_BAT MSTR**_ _**sw**_ – _**OFF_** _In Flight_ : 1. **_Both Twist grips**_ – _**OFF_** If there is an indication that the engines are still running: 2. **_Both EMER OFF**_ _**sw**_ – _**Press_**

Question 32

Autorotation

Answer 32

1. **_Collective lever**_ – _**Reduce to maintain N_RO within limits_** 2. **_Airspeed**_ – _**75 KIAS recommended_** **Note** Maximum range airspeed - **90 KIAS** Minimum rate-of-descent airspeed - **60 KIAS** 3. **_Double engine emergency shutdown**_ – _**Perform_** AT APPROXIMATELY 100 FT AGL: 4. Flare attitude – Establish (approx. 15^o to 20^o) to reduce forward speed and rate of descent; control N_RO AT APPROXIMATELY 8 – 12 FT AGL: 5. Flare attitude – Reduce to approx 7^o 6. Heading – Maintain 7. Collective lever – Raise to stop descent and cushion landing 8. **_BAT MSTR**_ _**sw**_ – _**OFF_** **Note** The appropriate values must be adjusted according to prevailing conditions of gross mass, wind and terrain.

Question 33

Cabin Fire

Answer 33

_On Ground_: 1. **_Double engine emergency shutdown**_ – _**Perform_** 2. **_Passengers_** – **_Alert/Evacuate_** 3. **_Fire**_ – _**Extinguish if possible_** _In Flight_ : 1. **_Airspeed**_ – _**65 KIAS recommended_** 2. **_Passengers**_ – _**Alert_** 3. **_Heating/_****_air conditioning_****_(if installed)**_–_**OFF_** 4. **_Fire**_ – _**Extinguish if possible_** 5. **_Fumes, smoke**_ – _**Eliminate, open sliding doors, windows and vents (fresh air)_** 6. **_LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE_** After landing: 7. **_Double engine emergency shutdown**_ – _**Perform_**

Question 34

Electrical Fire/Short Circuit

Answer 34

_On Ground_ : 1. **_Double engine emergency shutdown**_ – _**Perform_** 2. **_Passengers**_ – _**Alert/evacuate_** 3. **_EPU, if connected**_ – _**Disconnect_** 4. **_Fire**_ – _**Extinguish if possible_** _In Flight_: 1. **_Both BUS TIE**_ _**sw’s**_ – _**OFF (both BUSTIE OPN cautions present)_** 2. **_GEN 1 and GEN 2**_ _**sw’s**_ – _**OFF (both GEN DISCON cautions and BAT DISCH caution present)_** 3. **_Electrical consumers**_ – _**Reduce as much as possible_** 4. **_Passengers**_ – _**Alert_**

Question 35

Tail Rotor Drive Failure - Hover

Answer 35

_Hover In Ground Effect_ : 1. **_Both Twist grips**_ – _**Rotate to IDLE and simultaneously_**: 2. **_Landing attitude**_ – _**Establish_** 3. **_Collective lever**_ – _**Apply as necessary_** After landing: 4. **_Double engine emergency shutdown**_ – _**Perform_** _Hover Out of Ground Effect_: 1. **_Collective lever**_ – _**Reduce as required to stop rotation_** If height permits: 2. **_Airspeed**_ – _**Gain, then proceed according to para 3.6.2 (Tail Rotor Drive Failure/ Fixed-pitch Tail Rotor Control Failure - Forward Flight)_** If height does not permits: 2. **_Both Twist grips**_ – _**Rotate to IDLE_** 3. **_Collective lever**_ – _**Raise to stop descent and cushion landing_** After landing: 4. **_Double engine emergency shutdown**_ – _**Perform_**

Question 36

Tail Rotor Drive Failure/Fixed-pitch Tail Rotor Control Failure - Forward Flight

Answer 36

1. **_Collective lever**_ – _**Reduce to obtain minimum sideslip angle_** 2. **_Airspeed**_ – _**Maintain 70 KIAS or higher_** 3. Suitable landing area – Select **Note** Landing surface should be hard (e.g. concrete, asphalt) and flat. Left crosswind is advantageous 4. **_Shallow approach with nose left**_ – _**Perform_** _If the airspeed can be reduced below 40_ _kts_ _with the nose still pointing to the left_: 5. **_Airspeed**_ – _**Reduce close to the ground until nose is aligned with the flight direction_** 6. **_Landing**_ – _**Perform_** _If the nose direction changes from left to right at airspeeds higher than 40_ _kts_: 5. **_Airspeed**_ – _**Increase_** 6. **_Approach**_ – _**Abort, climb to sufficient height for autorotation_** **Note** Headwind is advantageous 7. **_Autorotation**_ – _**Perform_** **Note** In final phase of flare the helicopter can yaw to the left due to friction effects. Before touchdown, the groundspeed should be reduced to a minimum

Question 37

Pedal Vibrations

Answer 37

**_LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE_**