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Radt 1303 Physics > Chapter 3 Exam > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Exam Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

an electric and magnetic disturbance traveling through space at the speed of light

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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2
Q

properties of electromagnetic radiation

A

Can exist apart from matter
Is a form of energy that originates from the atom
Can travel through a vacuum

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3
Q

a way of ordering or grouping the different electromagnetic radiations

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

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4
Q

Have the same velocity (the speed of light 3 x 10^8 m/s)
Vary only in their energy, wavelength, and frequency

A

properties of electromagnetic spectrum

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5
Q

all EM radiation diverges from the source spreading the intensity of the radiation over a larger area

A

Divergent rays

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6
Q

______ = flow per second (# of protons)

A

energy

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7
Q

As x-rays travel their intensity _______

A

decreases

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8
Q

inverse square law

A

I1 (d2)^2
— = ———-
I2 (d1)^2

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9
Q

what do the I and d represent in the inverse square law?

A

I = intensity (luminosity)
d = distance

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10
Q

EM radiation exhibits properties of a wave or particle depending on its energy

A

wave-particle duality (E=mc^2)

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11
Q

distance between waves

A

wavelength

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12
Q

how often the waves occur

A

frequency

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13
Q

how tall the waves are

A

amplitude

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14
Q

the relationship between wavelength and frequency is ______

A

inverse

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15
Q

frequency is expressed in:
(one cycle per second)

A

hertz (Hz)

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16
Q

wavelength or frequency formula

A

velocity = frequency x wavelength (v=fλ)

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17
Q

at the low end of the spectrum
used in MRI
non-ionizing radiation

A

radiowaves

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18
Q

ionizing radiation creates a:

A

permanent change

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19
Q

non-ionizing radiation creates a:

A

temporary change

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20
Q

positively charged beta particle is called a:

A

positron

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21
Q

x-ray cannot get through, it is absorbed
ex: bone

A

radiopaque

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22
Q

x-ray can get through, it is not absorbed
ex: soft tissue

A

radiolucent

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23
Q

_____ and _____ are used for imaging in radiology and nuclear medicine

A

x-ray, gamma rays

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24
Q

has the ability to ionize matter

A

x-rays and gamma rays

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25
all electromagnetic radiation is very similar in that it has no mass, carries energy in waves as electric and magnetic disturbances in space, and travels at the speed of light
james maxwell's theory
26
All members of the electromagnetic spectrum have the same _______ (the speed of light or 3 x 10^8 m/s) and vary only in their ______, _______, and _______.
velocity, energy, wavelength, frequency
27
Members of electromagnetic spectrum from lowest to highest energy
Radiowaves Microwaves Infrared light Visible light Ultraviolet light X-rays Gamma rays
28
Wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum range from ____ to ____ meters (m)
10^6 to 10^-16
29
Frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum range from ____ to ____ hertz (Hz)
10^2 to 10^24
30
Energy on the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from ____ to ____ electron volts (eV)
10^-12 to 10^10
31
Energy of electromagnetic radiation can be calculated by:
E = hf
32
E = hf
E is energy h is Planck's constant (4.135 x 10^15 eV sec; 6.626 x 10^-34 J sec) f is the frequency of the photon
33
as frequency increases, so does ______
energy
34
the idea that there are two equally correct ways to describe electromagnetic radiation
Wave-particle duality
35
refers to the maximum height of a wave
Amplitude
36
velocity = frequency x wavelength (v=fλ) v gets replaced with:
c (constant symbol for speed of light: 3 x 10^8 m/s)
37
when a photon possesses sufficient energy it can remove electrons from the orbit of atoms during interactions
Ionization
38
removal of an electron from the atom The atom and electron that was removed from it are called an ion pair
properties of ionization
39
originate in the nuclei of atoms and represent the excess energy the atom is giving off to reach a stable state
gamma rays
40
originate through interactions between electrons and atoms
x-rays
41
a low-energy, electromagnetic radiation just above microwaves
infrared light
42
represents the colors visible to the human eye
visible light
43
has energies approaching those of x-rays and gamma rays Can be harmful and routine exposure has been demonstrated to cause skin cancer
ultraviolet light
44
physical particles originating from radioactive atoms and have the energy to ionize matter
Particulate radiation (alpha and beta particles)
45
the process by which an atom with excess energy in its nucleus emits particles and energy to regain stability
Radioactivity
46
the process of a radioactive element giving off excess energy and particles to regain stability
Radioactive decay
47
the length of time it takes for half the remaining atoms in a quantity of a particular radioactive element to decay
Half-life
48
The measure of radioactive decay is the
Becquerel (curie)
49
two protons bound to two neutrons
alpha particle
50
an electron that is emitted from an unstable nucleus, it does not originate in an electron shell Have much larger range and may ionize many atoms along their path
beta particle
51
_______ charged beta particles differ from electrons only in that it originated in the nucleus and not an orbital shell
negatively
52
As the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation decreases, wavelength will:
increase
53
Which of the following members of the electromagnetic spectrum has the ability to ionize matter?
X-rays
54
Which of the following is not within the wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation?
10^-24
55
Which member of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength?
radiowaves
56
A diagnostic x-ray photon has a frequency of 2.42 x 10^19 Hz. What is its wavelength?
1.24 x 10^-11 m
57
A photon has a wavelength of 3 x 10^-12 m. What is its frequency?
1 x 10^20 Hz
58
Which of the following do not originate from an unstable nucleus?
X-rays
59
How much activity will remain in a dose of 20 mCI 99mTC after 24 hours? (the physical half-life of 99mTc is 6 hours)
1.25 mCi
60
The intensity of a source at 15 inches is 10 R. What will the intensity be at 45 inches?
1.11 R
61
The intensity of a source is 25 R at 40 inches. What will the intensity be at 20 inches?
100 R

Radt 1303 Physics (8 decks)

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