Chapter 3 - Federalism Flashcards
(29 cards)
Federalism
A system that divides power between the national and state governments.
Unitary system
A system where the central government has all of the power over the subnational governments (states).
Confederal system
A system where the subnational governments (states) have the most power
Federal system
A system where power is divided between national and state governments.
Enumerated/expressed powers
Powers explicitly granted to the national government through the Constitution.
Exclusive powers
Powers only the national government has (ex: power to coin money, raise army, declare war, make treaties, etc.)
Implied powers
Powers not explicitly granted to the national government but considered necessary to carry out enumerated powers.
Commerce clause
Grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate business and commercial activity.
Necessary and proper clause
Grants the national government power to pass laws required to carry out their enumerated powers.
Supremacy clause
Establishes that the Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land
10th amendment
Gives powers not delegated to the national government to the states and people.
Reserved powers
Powers not given to the federal government and are retained by the states and people
Concurrent powers
Powers granted to both the federal and state governments in the Constitution
Full faith and credit clause
Requires states to recognize each other’s public acts, records, and civil court proceedings.
Extradition
The requirement that officials in one state must return a defendant to another state where a crime was allegedly committed.
Privileges and immunities clause
Prevents states from discriminating against people from out of state.
13th amendment
Constitutional amendment that outlawed slavery.
14th amendment
Amendment that says that people born in the US are citizens and prohibits states from denying people due process or equal protection under the laws.
15th amendment
Amendment that gave African American males the right to vote.
Dual federalism
A form of American federalism in which the states and national government operate independently.
Selective incorporation
The process in which the Supreme Court fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis.
Cooperative federalism
A form of federalism in which the states and national governments work together.
Grants-in-aid
Federal money provided to states to implement public policy objectives
Fiscal federalism
The federal government’s use of grants-in-aid to influence state policies.
