Chapter 3 - Federalism Flashcards
“Necessary and Proper” clause
Section of the constitution allowing congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to its duties which has permitted congress to exercise power not specifically given to it (enumerated) by the Constitution
Nullification
The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state’s opinion, violates the Constitution
Dual federalism
Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the 2 spheres should be kept separate.
Police power
State power to enact laws promoting health, safety, & morals
Sovereignty
Supreme or ultimate political authority; a sovereign gov is legally & politically independent of any other gov
Unitary system
Sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national government, so that the states & localities are dependent on its will
Convederation/confederal system
States are sovereign and the national government is allowed to do only that which the states permit
Federal system
One sovereignty is shared, so that in some matters the national government is supreme and in other matters the states are supreme
Federal Regime
Local units of government have a specially protected existence and can make some final decisions over some governmental activities
Initiative
Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot
Referendum
Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature
Recall
Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office
Grants-in-aid
Money given by the national government to the states
Categorical grants
Federal grants for a specific purpose, such as building an airport
Conditions of aid
Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds
