Chapter 3: How we deal with those who commit crime - Differing forms of punishment available in the UK - The effectiveness of differing types of sentence

Question 1

One way to judge the effectiveness of sentencing

Answer 1

One way to judge the effectiveness of sentencing is to look at the behaviour of offenders, once they are released from prison

Question 2

Statistics show that of those released after serving less than 12 months, what percentage reoffended and didn’t reoffend?

Answer 2

Statistics show that of those released after serving less than 12 months:

1. 59% reoffended
2. 41% didn’t reoffend

Question 3

Statistics show that of those released after serving 1-4 years, what percentage reoffended and didn’t reoffend?

Answer 3

Statistics show that of those released after serving 1-4 years:

1. 36% reoffended
2. 64% didn’t reoffend

Question 4

Statistics show that of those released after serving 4-10 years, what percentage reoffended and didn’t reoffend?

Answer 4

Statistics show that of those released after serving 4-10 years:

1. 27% reoffended
2. 73% didn’t reoffend

Question 5

Statistics show that of those released after serving more than 10 years, what percentage reoffended and didn’t reoffend?

Answer 5

Statistics show that of those released after serving more than 10 years:

1. 18% reoffended
2. 82% didn’t reoffend

Question 6

What do recent figures show that 1 in 4 criminals do?

Answer 6

Recent figures show that 1 in 4 criminals reoffend within a year

Question 7

Recent figures show that 1 in 4 criminals reoffend within a year, committing how many offences between them?

Answer 7

Recent figures show that 1 in 4 criminals reoffend within a year, committing 500,000 offences between them

Question 8

Recent figures show that 1 in 4 criminals reoffend within a year, committing 500,000 offences between them.
Over 50% of these offences were committed by people who had what?

Answer 8

Over 50% of these offences were committed by people who had:
1. 11
Or,
2. More
previous convictions

Question 9

Recent figures show that 1 in 4 criminals reoffend within a year, committing 500,000 offences between them.
Over 50% of these offences were committed by people who had 11 or more previous convictions.
Who were 50,000 of the offences committed by?

Answer 9

50,000 of the offences were committed by people who had been in prison at least 11 times

Question 10

Recently what did a think-tank, Civitas, argue?

Answer 10

Recently a think-tank, Civitas, argued that lengthening prison sentences for:
1. Burglary
2. Fraud
would reduce offending

Question 11

NACRO

Answer 11

NACRO is a:

1. Prison reform group
2. Body that seeks to represent the views of offenders

Question 12

Recently a think-tank, Civitas, argued that lengthening prison sentences for burglary and fraud would reduce offending.
What did NACRO say in response?

Answer 12

NACRO said in response that longer sentences just delay the reoffending

Question 13

NACRO said in response to Civitas’ argument that longer sentences just delay the reoffending.
What does NACRO argue?

Answer 13

NACRO argues that:

1. The state needs to rethink its approach
2. A community-based programme with 80 hours unpaid work would cost £4,200

Question 14

If a burglar is sentenced to prison for 12 months, what is the cost to the taxpayer?

Answer 14

If a burglar is sentenced to prison for 12 months, the cost to the taxpayer is more than £40,000

Question 15

NACRO said in response to Civitas’ argument that longer sentences just delay the reoffending.
NACRO argues that the state needs to rethink its approach.
It argues that a community-based programme with 80 hours unpaid work would cost £4200.
NACRO says that sending someone to prison has an impact on their what?

Answer 15

NACRO says that sending someone to prison has an impact on their:

1. Employment
2. Family

Question 16

NACRO said in response to Civitas’ argument that longer sentences just delay the reoffending.
NACRO argues that the state needs to rethink its approach.
It argues that a community-based programme with 80 hours unpaid work would cost £4200.
NACRO says that sending someone to prison has an impact on their employment and their family.
NACRO points out that more than 70% of male prisoners suffer from what?

Answer 16

NACRO points out that more than 70% of male prisoners suffer from:
1. 2
Or,
2. More
mental health issues

Question 17

NACRO is a prison reform group.

What is another prison reform group?

Answer 17

Another prison reform group is the Howard League for Penal Reform

Question 18

Recently a think-tank, Civitas, argued that lengthening prison sentences for burglary and fraud would reduce offending.
What was the Howard League for Penal Reform’s response?

Answer 18

The Howard League for Penal Reform’s response to Civitas’ argument was that they, in a policy document, made recommendations on:

1. Real work in prison
2. Community sentences
3. The best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act

Question 19

The Howard League for Penal Reform’s response to Civitas’ argument was that they, in a policy document, made recommendations on real work in prison, community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act.
Howard League for Penal Reform’s policy document made how many recommendations on real work in prison?

Answer 19

Howard League for Penal Reform’s policy document made 4 recommendations on real work in prison

Question 20

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act.
Howard League for Penal Reform’s policy document made how many recommendations on community sentences?

Answer 20

Howard League for Penal Reform’s policy document made 4 recommendations on community sentences

Question 21

Howard League for Penal Reform’s policy document made 4 recommendations on community sentences, the first of which is that individuals in the criminal justice system often have complex needs that need to be met with a tailored package.
What do the current options for community sentencing do?

Answer 21

The current options for community sentencing offer this

Question 22

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act.
Howard League for Penal Reform’s policy document made how many recommendations on the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act?

Answer 22

Howard League for Penal Reform’s policy document made 4 recommendations on the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act

Question 23

The Howard League for Penal Reform

Answer 23

The Howard League for Penal Reform is a long-established pressure group that advocates prison reforms

Question 24

NACRO said in response to Civitas’ argument that longer sentences just delay the reoffending.
NACRO argues that the state needs to rethink its approach.
It argues that a community-based programme with 80 hours unpaid work would cost £4200.
NACRO says that sending someone to prison has an impact on their employment and their family.
NACRO points out that more than 70% of male prisoners suffer from 2 or more mental health issues and 2/3 of male prisoners have a what?

Answer 24

NACRO points out that:

1. More than 70% of male prisoners suffer from 2 or more mental health issues
2. 2/3 of male prisoners have a reading age of 11 years, or lower

Question 25

The Howard League for Penal Reform's response to Civitas' argument was that they, in a policy document, made recommendations on real work in prison, community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on real work in prison. The first recommendation is that we support what?

Answer 25

The first recommendation is that we support: 1. Real work in prison 2. The creation of a full working week

Question 26

The Howard League for Penal Reform's response to Civitas' argument was that they, in a policy document, made recommendations on real work in prison, community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on real work in prison. The second recommendation is that we believe prisoners should work to do what?

Answer 26

The second recommendation is that we believe prisoners should work to: 1. Support their own families 2. Compensate victims of crime

Question 27

The Howard League for Penal Reform's response to Civitas' argument was that they, in a policy document, made recommendations on real work in prison, community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on real work in prison. The third recommendation is that we believe they should be what?

Answer 27

The third recommendation is that we believe they should be: 1. Paid fairly for the work undertaken 2. Subject to taxation in the normal way

Question 28

The Howard League for Penal Reform's response to Civitas' argument was that they, in a policy document, made recommendations on real work in prison, community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on real work in prison. The fourth recommendation is that businesses should be encouraged to do what?

Answer 28

The fourth recommendation is that businesses should be encouraged to set up in prisons holding long-term prisoners

Question 29

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on community sentences. The first recommendation is that individuals in the criminal justice system often have what?

Answer 29

The first recommendation is that individuals in the criminal justice system often have complex needs that need to be met with a tailored package

Question 30

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on community sentences. The second recommendation is that community sentences should focus on doing what?

Answer 30

The second recommendation is that community sentences should focus on cutting crime long-term

Question 31

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on community sentences. The second recommendation is that community sentences should focus on cutting crime long-term, not on what?

Answer 31

The second recommendation is that community sentences should focus on cutting crime long-term, not on punishment of the individual

Question 32

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on community sentences. The third recommendation is that probation must be renewed to do what?

Answer 32

The third recommendation is that probation must be renewed to support those who undertake community: 1. Sentences 2. Programmes

Question 33

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on community sentences. The fourth recommendation is that community sentences must be made more what over a reduced period of time?

Answer 33

``` The fourth recommendation is that community sentences must be made more: 1. Immediate 2. Efficient 3. Intensive over a reduced period of time ```

Question 34

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. The first recommendation is making more use of what?

Answer 34

The first recommendation is making more use of prison

Question 35

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. The second recommendation is using more what?

Answer 35

The second recommendation is using more community orders

Question 36

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. The third recommendation is dealing with what?

Answer 36

The third recommendation is dealing with the reasons why the offender offends

Question 37

The Howard League for Penal Reform in a policy document made recommendations on real work in prison and on community sentences and the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. Howard League for Penal Reform's policy document made 4 recommendations on the best way to achieve the aims of sentencing as set out in the 2003 Act. The fourth recommendation is making prison a place where what?

Answer 37

The fourth recommendation is making prison a place where behaviour can be changed, as well as a place of: 1. Punishment 2. Protection for the community