Chapter 3 - Independent Assortment of Genes

Question 1

monohybrid

Answer 1

a heterozygote for a single gene

Question 2

dihybrid

Answer 2

a “double” heterozygote (for both genes)

Question 3

Law of Independent Assortment (Mendel’s Second Law)

Answer 3

different gene pairs assort independently of other gene pairs during gamete formation, generally applies to different chromosome pairs

Question 4

product rule

Answer 4

states that the probability of independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities

Question 5

sum rule

Answer 5

states that the probability of either one or the other of two mutually exclusive events occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities

Question 6

Chi-square test

Answer 6

statistical test that checks results to expectations (hypothesis rejected if there is a probability of less than 5% of observing the deviation from expectations as large as the one observed)

Question 7

hybrid vigour

Answer 7

the general superiority of multiple heterozygotes

Question 8

heteromorphic pairs

Answer 8

chromosomes that are nonidentical

Question 9

postmeiotic mitosis

Answer 9

an extra division observed in some haploid fungi that results in formation of an octad

Question 10

recombination

Answer 10

the production of new allele combinations

Question 11

meiotic recombination

Answer 11

any meiotic process that generates a haploid product with new combinations of alleles that were carried by the haploid genotypes that united to form the meiocyte

Question 12

recombinant

Answer 12

any product that has a new combination of alleles provided by the two input genotypes

Question 13

a recombinant frequency of….

Answer 13

50% indicates that the genes are independently assorting and are most likely on different chromosomes