Chapter 3 - Integumentary System

Question 0

Other functions

Answer 0

• senses environment
• prevents fluid loss
• regulates body temperature
• excretes water
• produces vitamin D

Question 1

Primary function

Answer 1

Protection -blocks injury and disease

Question 2

Skin layers

Answer 2

1) Epidermis

2) Dermis

Question 3

Epidermis

Answer 3

Stratified epithelial tissue

Question 4

Keratin

Answer 4

Waterproof protein

Question 5

Melanin

Answer 5

1) determines skin and hair color

2) absorbs, and is stimulated by UV rays

Question 6

Carotene

Answer 6

Asians

Question 7

Dermis

Answer 7

Collagen connective tissue - strength and elasticity

Question 8

Dermis contents

Answer 8

• blood vessels
• nerves: touch, pain (nociceptors), temperature, pressure (baroreceptors)
• hair follicles
• glands: exocrine
• dermal elevations: grip, fingerprint

Question 9

Exocrine glands

Answer 9

1) sweat
- water secretion (temperature regulation)
- water, salt, waste excretion (dilute urine)

2) sebaceous (oil)
- sebum secretion (hair and skin lubrication, bacterial inhibition)
- acne: blackhead (pimple)

Question 10

Subcutaneous layer (“superficial fascia”)

Answer 10

Not a true skin layer

-adipose connective tissue

Question 11

Appendages

Answer 11

1) Hair

2) Nails

Question 12

Hair

Answer 12

1) Shaft: dead cells, above skin surface
2) follicle: root + tissue coverings, below skin surface
- manufactures keratin
- arrector pili muscle

Question 13

Nails

Answer 13

1) keratin-based
2) protection, picking up small objects
3) lunula (moon)

Question 14

Injections

Answer 14

• intradermal
• subcutaneous
• intramuscular
• intravenous

Question 15

Skin grafts

Answer 15

1) types
2) thickness
3) instruments

Question 16

Autograft

Answer 16

From patient

Question 17

Allograft

Answer 17

From human donor

Question 18

Xenograft

Answer 18

From another species

Question 19

Skin substitutes

Answer 19

Another type of skin graft

Question 20

Full-thickness

Answer 20

(FTSG)

Epidermis + dermis +/- some subcutaneous tissue

Question 21

Split-thickness

Answer 21

(STSG)

Epidermis + 1/2 dermis

Question 22

Skin graft instruments

Answer 22

1) dermatome

2) skin mesher

Question 23

Surgical disorders

Answer 23

• Wound healing
• Burns
• Abnormalities

Question 24

Wound healing (first intention)

Answer 24

Ideal, clean, most OR cases 1) inflammation phase 2) proliferation phase 3) maturation

Question 25

Inflammation phase

Answer 25

- Clot forms - Macrophages - Fibroblasts arrive

Question 26

Proliferation phase

Answer 26

- collagen secreted | - new capillary ingrowth

Question 27

Maturation (differ action) phase

Answer 27

- collagen matures | - scar 70-80% strength

Question 28

Wound healing (second intention)

Answer 28

1) wound failure or infection 2) granulation tissue forms 3) heals from bottom and edges

Question 29

Wound healing (third intention)

Answer 29

For closure of second intention wounds - debridement - approximation of skin edges in 4-6 days

Question 30

1st degree burns

Answer 30

Depth: epidermis Appearance: red, dry

Question 31

2nd degree burns

Answer 31

Depth: dermis Appearance: blisters, wet

Question 32

3rd degree burns

Answer 32

Depth: subcutaneous Appearance: white, dry

Question 33

4th degree burns

Answer 33

Depth: muscle/bone Appearance: charred, dry

Question 34

Abnormalities

Answer 34

1) acne vulgaris 2) neoplasms - benign (warts, cysts, moles, keloids) - malignant (basal and squamous cell carcinomas, melanomas) 3) cosmetic defects 4) decubitus ulcers

Question 35

Diagnostic procedures

Answer 35

1) X-Ray | 2) Biopsy