chapter 3 - metals

Question 1

metallic bonding

Answer 1

• non-directional electrostatic force of attraction between metal cations and sea of delocalised electrons - arranged in a metallic lattice

Question 2

metals - heat conductivity

Answer 2

• when metals absorb heat, cations begin to vibrate and electrons move faster, transferring energy to nearby cations and electrons, causing the heat to move through the metal in a chain reaction

Question 3

reactivity of metals

Answer 3

• metallic character and therefore the reactivity of metals tends to increase down a group and decrease across a period

Question 4

metal reactions with oxygen, acid, water

Answer 4

• Metals and oxygen, occurs in almost all metals, called corrosion. Equation: metal(s) + oxygen(g) -> metal oxide(s)
• Metals and acid, occurs is most metals, more aggressive in reactive metals. Equation: metal(s) + acid(aq) -> ionic salt(aq) + hydrogen gas(g)
• Metals and water, reactions only occur in reactive metals, metals eventually corrode in water. Equation: reactive metal(s) + water(l) -> metal hydroxide(aq) + hydrogen gas(g)

Question 5

benefits of metal recycling

Answer 5

• preservation of natural resources and environment - less mining leads to less disruption
• reduced energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission - using recycled metals for new products is often less energy-intensive and uses less fossil fuels
• endless - in theory, metals can be recycled an infinite amount of times