Chapter 3 (MIDTERMS) Flashcards by Alessa Gedorio

The way of looking at our personal experiences in terms of what is going on in the world around us

Sociological imagination

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Think of himself away from the familiar routines of our daily lives in order to look at them in a new way

Sociological imagination

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Proponent of Sociological Imagination

C. Wright Mills

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Sociological imagination is a quality of mind that enables us to do the following:
GIVE 5

🔹See what is going on in the world and what may be happening within ourselves
🔹See that society is responsible for many of our problems
🔹Personal problems can be transformed into political issues
🔹See the power of society to shape our individual lives
🔹See the connection between the patterns of our own lives and history

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A distinctive point of view that the social world guides our actions, thinking, and life choices

Sociological perspective

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4 Characteristics of Sociological Perspective

🔹Seeing the general in particular
🔹Seeing the strange in familiar
🔹Human behavior is not as individual as we think, but rather social forces affect human behavior
🔹Sociological perspective has a global perspective, the study of the larger world and our society’s place in it.

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He gave the Characteristics of Sociological Perspective

Maciones, J

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CSP:
There are general patterns in the behavior of particular individuals. Society acts differently on various categories of people.

Seeing the general in the particular

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CSP:

Society guides our thoughts and deeds. Human behavior is not just simple matter of what people decide to do.

Seeing the strange in the familiar

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CSP:
Durkheim’s study of suicide showed that some categories of people were more likely than others to choose to take their own lives.

Human behavior is not as individualistic as we think, but rather social forces affect human behavior

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_____ suicide rates characterised people with strong social ties, ____ suicide rates were found among those who were more socially isolated and individualistic

LOW, HIGH

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A logical extension of the sociological perspective

Global awareness

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Where we are placed in our society profoundly affects our individual experiences

Global awareness

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CSP:

Seeing the world as a global village

Sociological perspective has a global perspective, the study of a larger world and our society’s place on it

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The study of a larger world and our society’s place on it

Global perspective

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Industrialised nations in which most people enjoy material abundance

High-income countries

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Nations characterised by limited industrialisation and moderate personal income

Middle-income countries

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Nations with little indistrialization and with severe poverty is the rule

Low income countries

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Scientific investigation or intellectual and rigorous research on a particular issue, concern, event or situation for a better understanding of the same

Sociological inquiry

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It is concerned with the repetitive patterns in human behavior, presented according to logically related hypothesis and supported by empirical evidence

Sociological inquiry

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Refers to a person with professional knowledge and skills in studying the facts of society and social behavior through rigorous scientific inquiry in order to arrive at certain generalizations and truths about social life and society

Sociologist

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Main task is to study human groups

Sociologist

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2 Goals of Sociological Inquiry

🔹To obtain a better understanding of society

🔹To discover social reality as it is supported by verifiable facts and data as empirical data

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Any observation about society, social behavior, or social phenomena which can be verified as true

Social fact

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Fundamental procedures in sociological inquiry

1. Defining the problem 2. Reviewing the literature 3. Forming a hypothesis 4. Choosing a research design 5. Collecting the data 6. Analyzing the data 7. Drawing conclusions 8. Communicating the results of the study

Proponents of Fundamental Procedure of Sociological Inquiry

Donald Light and Suzanne Keller

SPSI: | Selecting the toping for research and defining net concepts

Defining the problem

SPSI: | State the problem clearly, develop operation definition or key concepts

Definition of the Problem

SPSI: Research problems can be identified in any social phenomenon that exists in gaps with what exists and ought to exist in a given situation

Defining the problem

SPSI: | Familiarizing oneself with the with the existing theory and research topic

Reviewing the literature

SPSI: Relevant studies and information about the topic, the problem can be redefined, possible techniques can be identified, possible errors can be considered and avoided.

Reviewing the literature

SPSI: | Defining the relationship between measurable variables so that they can be measured and the hypothesis tested

Forming a hypothesis

Educated guess

Hypothesis

SPSI: | Selecting a method for study

Choosing a research design

SPSI: | Basis on identification which data to collect analyzed and evaluated

Choosing a research design

5 Methods of Study

``` 🔹Experiment 🔹Case study 🔹survey 🔹Field Observation 🔹historical approach ```

SPSI: | Collecting the information that will test the hypothesis

Collecting the data

SPSI: | Working with and examining the data to shed light (reject or accept) on the hypothesis

Analyzing the data

Summarizing the outcome if the study, indicating its significance, relating the findings to existing theory and research, and identifying problems for future research

Drawing conclusions

SPSI: | The investigator has moral obligation to report his findings in writing so that others may share the new knowledge

Communicating the results of the study

2 ways of communicating the results of the study

Public and research forums

7 Methods, Techniques and Tools for Sociological Inquiry

``` 🔹Experiment 🔹Survey 🔹Case Study 🔹Field Observation/Participant Observation 🔹Interviewing 🔹Historical Approach 🔹Participatory Research ```

MTT: | Exposes subjects to a specifically designed situation

Experiment

MTT: | By systematically record the subject's reaction, the researcher can asses the effects of different variables

Experiment

MTT: | The most effective for cause-and-effect relationships

Experiment

MTT: | Using either questionnaires or interviews

Survey

MTT: | Uses random samples and pre-tested questions to ensure high-reliability and validity

Survey

MTT: | Gathering information from a large number of people

Survey

MTT: | Intensive study and examination of a person or a specific group, organization or institution is carried out

Case study

MTT: Enables one to examine a particular subject in depth for it involves examination of the subject over a long period if time

Case study

Case Study is also known as (4)

🔹Scientific biography 🔹Case History 🔹Case Work 🔹Diary of Development

MTT: Researchers deliberately involve themselves in the activity, group or community. They are studying jn irder to get an Insider's view

Field Observation or Participant Observation

MTT: | Researchers enter the situation as a third party as he observes and records what he is studying

Non-participant Observation

MTT: | Researcher man interview subjects face to face or by telephone

Interviewing

2 Types of Interviewing

🔹Structures or directive | 🔹Unstructured or Non Directive

Phased standard questions or scheduled often with multiple choice answers

Structures/directive

Neither question or answers are predetermined. The researcher let the interviewee guide the flow of the interview

Unstructured or Non directive

MTT: | Historical materials are analyzed

Historical Approach

MTT: | To gain insight and understanding of present social realities in context of what took place in the past

Historical approach

2 Techniques of social inquiry

Quantitative and qualitative technique

TSI: | Examination of data from observations, interviews and publications which are not statistical in nature

Qualitative technique

TSI: | The use if statistics which deals with a mass of data and permit more precise statements of their relationship

Quantitative techniques

"A person's decisions, choices and problems

Are influenced by the interacting forces of the society."

"Man should recognize the intricacies a d interconnections of history, social structures and processes and the kinds of people that are present in that society..

to fully understand his life, illusions and choices."

"The world influences man's life events. The lesser man becomes aware this phenomenon,

The more intense the feelings of unfreedom, trapness, and helplessness become."

"Sociology uses scientific imagination..

In analysing social condition in the society."

Quality of the mind essential to grasp the interplay of 🔹men and society 🔹biography and history 🔹self and world

Sociological imagination

Chapter 3 (MIDTERMS) Flashcards

(67 cards)