Chapter 3 Mind, Brain, Behavior

Question 1

brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

central nervous system

Question 2

includes somatic NS, (conscious movement)
automatic NS (not voluntary), sympathetic NS (fight or flight),
parasympathetic NS (returns body to rest state)

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system

Question 3

neurons that bring information

Answer 3

sensory neurons

Question 4

neurons that receive brain signals

Answer 4

motor neurons

Question 5

only in CNS, reflexive movement, straight from motor neurons

Answer 5

interneurons

Question 6

system of glands that control production and release of hormones

Answer 6

endocrine system

Question 7

master gland

Answer 7

pituitary gland

Question 8

fight or flight hormones, adrenaline and cortisol

Answer 8

adrenal glands

Question 9

metabolism regulation

Answer 9

thyroid gland

Question 10

calcium level regulation

Answer 10

parathyroid gland

Question 11

ovaries and testes

Answer 11

sex glands

Question 12

includes cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, evolutionarily newest

Answer 12

forebrain

Question 13

outer layer of brain, essential functions

Answer 13

cerebral cortex

Question 14

lobe for reasoning and decisions

Answer 14

frontal lobe

Question 15

lobe for hearing and memory of objects

Answer 15

temporal lobe

Question 16

lobe for touch and spatial awareness

Answer 16

parietal lobe

Question 17

lobe for taste and awareness of internal organ state

Answer 17

insular lobe

Question 18

lobe for vision

Answer 18

occipital lobe

Question 19

outermost layer, folds, wrinkles, higher cognitive functions

Answer 19

neocortex

Question 20

involved in movement, one of 3 anatomical brain parts

Answer 20

midbrain

Question 21

evolutionarily oldest part, survival functions

Answer 21

hindbrain

Question 22

located in frontal lobe, voluntary movement

Answer 22

primary motor cortex

Question 23

located in parietal lobe,
touch sense

Answer 23

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 24

located in all lobes, Integrates info from sense with previous knowledge, creates our experience of the world, related to adjacent primary cortex

Answer 24

association cortices

Question 25

involves hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, basil ganglia, thalamus

Answer 25

limbic system

Question 26

responsible for memory

Answer 26

hippocampus

Question 27

responsible for emotional processes

Answer 27

amygdala

Question 28

responsible for bodily regulations (temp., etc.)

Answer 28

hypothalamus

Question 29

evolutionarily old, control and execution of movements

Answer 29

basil ganglia

Question 30

sensory info goes in (not smell) and then to an association cortex

Answer 30

thalamus

Question 31

Connects to spinal cord, responsible for basic functions

Answer 31

brain stem

Question 32

controls breathing, relays sensations to subcortex and cortex

Answer 32

pons

Question 33

autonomic functions (heart rate, etc.)

Answer 33

medulla oblongata

Question 34

regulates sleep and arousal

Answer 34

reticular formation

Question 35

coordination, motor skill, precision, balance, timing

Answer 35

cerebellum

Question 36

cognitive processes that allow us to plan, focus, and organize tasks, associated with prefrontal cortex

Answer 36

executive functions

Question 37

nerve bundle that connects two brain hemispheres

Answer 37

corpus callosum

Question 38

hemispheres control opposite side of body

Answer 38

contralateral control

Question 39

collections of brain regions that are connected and work to support brain function

Answer 39

brain networks

Question 40

tries to map all neural brain connections

Answer 40

brain connectome project

Question 41

combines Xray images

Answer 41

CT scan

Question 42

uses magnetic fields and radio waves to make brain images

Answer 42

MRI

Question 43

variation of MRI, lets researchers see size and direction of connections between regions of brain

Answer 43

DTI

Question 44

pseudoscience teaching that skull structure and bumps indicate personality and mental ability

Answer 44

phrenology

Question 45

looking at brain function through damage to brain

Answer 45

neuropsychology

Question 46

abnormal tissue resulting from disease, trauma, surgical intervention

Answer 46

lesion

Question 47

when a specific brain area is involved in a certain function but not other functions

Answer 47

dissociation

Question 48

measures electrical activity of one neuron

Answer 48

single cell recording

Question 49

records electrical waves of thousands of neurons

Answer 49

EEG

Question 50

magnetic field recording from brain's electrical current

Answer 50

MEG

Question 51

synchronized electrical response to an event

Answer 51

ERP

Question 52

radioactive glucose tracked in brain to see areas of activity

Answer 52

PET

Question 53

measures brain function by tracking oxygen in brain's blood flow

Answer 53

fMRI

Question 54

stimulation of specific brain parts with implanted electrodes

Answer 54

DBS

Question 55

short, high power electrical surge to coil

Answer 55

TMS

Question 56

low electrical current, less precise, longer time

Answer 56

TDCS

Question 57

study of how genetic factors influence trait variation between members across a population

Answer 57

behavioral genetics

Question 58

indication of how much variation in phenotype across people is because of genotype differences

Answer 58

heritability

Question 59

brain's ability to modify over lifetime

Answer 59

neural plasticity

Question 60

new brain cells born

Answer 60

neurogenesis

Question 61

new synapses generated in the brain

Answer 61

synaptogenesis

Question 62

early life periods where specific experiences must occur for normal development

Answer 62

critical periods

Question 63

neural changes that happen after injury that usually results in brain reorganization

Answer 63

damage plasticity

Question 64

cell that hasn't undergone differentiation into a specialized cell

Answer 64

stem cell

Question 65

cells make up myelin sheath around axon

Answer 65

glia

Question 66

rapid change in voltage created by neuron when successfully stimulated to surpass critical threshold

Answer 66

action potential

Question 67

55 mV

Answer 67

voltage threshold

Question 68

sodium ions enter neuron

Answer 68

depolarization

Question 69

potassium ions exit neuron

Answer 69

polarization

Question 70

blocks neurotransmission

Answer 70

antagonist

Question 71

mimics neurotransmitter

Answer 71

agonist